Muscular

• Endomysium


  • Connective tissue covering a single muscle cell
• Motor unit


  • Functional unit of a group of muscle fibers ending close to a number of muscle cells, all from the same motor neuron
• Neuromuscular junction


  • Where nerve ending releases acetylcholine onto receptors on muscle cell membrane
• Acetylcholine


  Substance released by nerve ending at neuromuscular junction
• Acetylcholine released


  Sodium ions enter muscle cell pits, depolarizing and starting action potential
• Actin myofilaments


  • Slide past myosin myofilaments during muscle contraction
• Calcium ions entering cytoplasm


  Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other
• Calcium ion levels decreasing


  Forward movement of filaments ends
• Endomysium


  Connective tissue covering a single muscle cell
• Motor unit


  Functional unit of a group of muscle fibers ending close to a number of muscle cells, all from the same motor neuron
• Neuromuscular junction


  Junction between a nerve ending and a muscle cell
• Acetylcholine


  Substance released by the nerve ending at the neuromuscular junction
• Sodium ion entry


  1. Ions disappear from muscle cell exterior and enter the muscle pits

  2. Causes depolarization and action potential
• Calcium ion entry


  Calcium ions enter the cytoplasm rapidly
• Actin myofilaments


  • Cylindrical structures that slide past myosin myofilaments during muscle contraction
• Myosin myofilaments


  • Larger cylindrical structures that the actin myofilaments slide past during muscle contraction
• Muscle contraction


  1. Actin myofilaments slide past myosin myofilaments

  2. Calcium ion levels decrease
• Circumduction


  Movement of the arm often used for strengthening all the upper arm and shoulder muscles
• Orbicularis


  Muscle that allows the lips to pucker
• Muscular dystrophy


  Important congenital muscular disease that results in the degeneration of the skeletal muscles by young adulthood
• Isometric Contraction


  Contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but the tension in the muscle keeps increasing
• Troponin C or Thin Filament


  Binding sites of calcium are found
• Adductors


  Muscle group that allows you to draw your legs to the midline of your body, as when standing at attention
• Tendon


  Cord-like extension of connective tissues beyond the muscle, serving to attach it to the bone
• Satorious Muscle


  Strap-like muscle is a weak thigh flexor, and is often called the "tailor's muscle"
• Myasthenia Gravis


  Disease of the muscles, which results from some problem with the stimulation of muscles by Ach, wherein the muscles become progressively weaker
• Sternocleidomastoid


  Two-headed muscle and is the prime mover of head flexion
• Quadratus Lumborum Muscle


  Fleshy muscle that forms part of the posterior abdominal wall and helps maintain the body's upright posture
• Synergist


  Muscle that stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more distal joints
• Flextor Digitorium Profundus


  Muscle that flexes the fingers
• Muscle Fatigue


  Condition that results when a muscle is being stimulated but is not able to respond because of a deficiency in oxygen
• Cardiac Muscle


  Type of muscle tissue with the following description: self-excitable, pacemaker cells, gap junctions, and limited sarcoplasmic reticulum
• Resistance/Isometric Exercise


  Type of exercise that increases your ability to lift that heavy couch
• External Intercostals


  Deep muscles of the thorax that promote the inspiratory phase of breathing
• Aerobic Respiration


  Energy mechanism used in the second hour of running in a marathon
• Myofibril


  Long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance
• Gluteus Maximus


  Muscle used to extend the hip when climbing the stairs