SCIENCE FINAL EXAMINATION 4TH QTR

• Momentum


  Mass in motion
• Examples of Momentum

  • Tossing a ball at someone and it smacks them in the face
  • A baseball swooping through the air
  • A large truck moving
  • A bullet discharged from a firearm
• Factors affecting momentum


  • Mass of the object
  • Velocity of the object
• Object with low velocity and small mass


  Produces minimal momentum because it would take a small force and/or time to stop it
• Measure of momentum


  Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity (p=m*v)
• Mass


  Measurement of how much matter is in an object, usually measured in kilograms (kg)
• Types of momentum


  • Linear momentum
  • Angular momentum
• Types of inertia


  • Inertia of rest
  • Inertia of motion
  • Inertia of direction
• Momentum depends on mass and velocity
• Importance of momentum


  Gives the relationship between mass, velocity, and direction of an object. Any change in momentum results in force. A change in momentum is used to determine the force acting upon the object.
• Formulated momentum when he was living in Holland

  Rene Descartes
• Descartes began with the idea that motion was a conserved property of the universe and used collisions to test that idea
• Astronomy


  The study of everything in the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere
• Astronomer


  A scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth
• What astronomers do


  • Observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy
• Important astronomers


  • Eratosthenes of Cyrene
  • Claudius Ptolemy
  • Nicolaus Copernicus
  • Johannes Kepler
  • Galileo Galilei
  • Christian Huygens
• The first documented records of systematic astronomical observations date back to the Assyro-Babylonians around 1000 BCE
• Astrophysics


  Applying the laws of physics in space
• Astrometry


  Mapping celestial bodies
• Astrogeology


  Examining rocks, terrain, and material in space
• Astrobiology


  Searching for life outside
• Cosmology


  Study of origin, extremely large scale structure and evolution of the universe
• Galactic astronomy


  Study of the Milky Way: structure, distribution of stars, interstellar medium etc.
• Extragalactic astronomy


  Galaxy groups, clusters, superclusters, intergalactic medium etc.