ZOOLOGY MIDTERM

• Incomplete dominance


  Condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another, so the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes
• Genotype


  The particular alleles carried by an individual
• Codominance or Multiple Alleles


  A type of inheritance of ABO blood groups
• Syndrome


  The set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease
• Heterozygous


  Organism that has two different alleles of a gene
• Phenotype


  The physical appearance of an individual due to its genetic make up
• Independent assortment


  Each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation
• Dominance


  Free earlobes have this type of inheritance
• Codominance


  Refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous Individuals
• Dihybrid cross


  Experiment in which individuals with different alleles of two genes are crossed
• Polygenic inheritance


  The phenotype is due to the additive effects of 2 or more genes, ex. skin color
• Segregation


  The alleles separate during gametogenesis
• Genetic counseling


  Starts with diagnosis of parental genotypes, pedigrees, and genetic testing for metabolic disorder
• Hemophilia


  Disorder that is an X-linked recessive trait
• Turner syndrome

  Lack an X chromosome in females; short stature; webbed neck; slight mental retardation
• Down syndrome


  Disorder that is also known as trisomy 21
• Prenatal diagnosis

  CVS and amniocentesis
• Genetic disorder

  An Inherited condition, that results in mild to severe medical condition
• Achondroplasia


  An autosomal disorder that causes abnormal cartilage formation esp. in the limbs but head is normal
• Albinism


  Autosomal abnormality with lack of pigmentation in skin and other parts of the body
• Color blindness


  An x-linked disorder characterized by inability to recognize certain colors
• Gene therapy


  Alteration of an afflicted Individual's genes
• Porifera


  Has a system of water canals, sessile but it has no tissues yet
• Cnidaria


  Has radial symmetry, diploblastic and a gastrovascular cavity and cnidocytes
• Protozoa


  Single-celled organisms with no tissues
• Annelida


  Has true coelom, 3-layered & worms with segmented body
• Platyhelminthes


  Triploblastic but no coelom and lack a body cavity and are dorsoventrally flattened
• Cestoda


  Flatworms with no digestive tract; with proglottids
• Nematoda


  Round worms with mouth and anus
• Mollusca


  Soft-bodied animals, but most are protected by a hard shell
• Scyphozoa


  Cnidarians with medusa body form only
• Turbellaria


  Free-living flatworms with a mouth but no anus
• Anthozoa

  Class to which hard and soft corals belong; all polyp form
• Porifera


  Basal animals, with body opening called osculum
• Phylum/Class


  • Cnidaria/Anthozoa
  • Nematoda
  • Protozoa
  • Hydrozoa
  • Annelida
  • Platyhelminthes/Trematoda
  • Porifera
• Distinct Feature


  • Colonial or solitary polyp; no medusa; all marine; sessile
  • Have mouth & anus; round worm; Triploblastic
  • Single cell; eukaryotes
  • Body form alternate between polyp and medusa
  • Segmented body; bilateral symmetry; true coelom; triploblastic; have mouth and anus
  • Have two suckers; parasitic; have intermediate host; triploblastic
  • Organized with a system of water canals and chambers
• Examples


  • Sea anemones; corals
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Paramecium
  • Obelia; hydra
  • Earthworm; leech
  • Schistosoma japonicum
  • Sponge
• Osculum


  Major opening of poriferans
• Spongocoel


  Central cavity of poriferans
• Asymmetry


  Body arrangement without central axis or point