Motivation

• Over-motivation = when an individual has unrealistically high goals or their behaviour changes because they want to achieve something so much that they work towards it in an obsessive way
• Over-motivation leads to lack of focus, over excitement and unable to rest and reciver
• Who created the Attribution Theory?


  Weiner 1985.86
• Attribution Theory (Shawn 2005) - athletes who attribute positive stable, internal reasons for success and understand what they can control will be more motivated.
• The four categories of attribution - ability, effort, task difficulty and luck. These fall within locus of control and stability.
• What is the Attribution Theory?


  The process of giving reason/cause to an event. The conclusions we come to regarding our performance or failure influence future feelings and approaches.
• Weinber and Gould, 2007 extrinsic motivation - those who are extrinsically motivated engage in the activity because of the valued outcome rather than the interest in the activity itself.
• Weinberg and Gould, 2007. Intrinsic motivation - Those who are intrinsically motivated will engage in an activity for the pleasure and satisfaction they experience while learning.
• Sage (1997) definition of motivation?


  The internal mechanism and external stimuli that arouse and direct behaviour.
• What does the Need Achievement Theory state?


  proposes the idea that achievement motivation comes from your personality and drive to succeed. Split into 2 categories: NACH - will not stop, take challenges and high task persistence. NAF - relaxed and take easy route.
• Who came up with the Need Achievement Theory?


  McClelland and Atkinson
• Need Achievement Theory An interactionist model - personality factors * situational factor = resultant tendency = emotional reaction.
• What does the Achievement Goal Theory state?


  That we are either primarily motivated by task or by outcome. Also referred to as 'self-referenced' and 'externally referenced?
• Externally referenced = see success in terms of winning and demonstrating abilities above others.
• self-referenced = performers who see success in terms of improving personal performance.
• Who created the self-determination theory?

  Deci and Ryan, 1985
• Amotivation - the complete absence of motivation, temporary state and the person sees no value in the activity.
• What does the Self determination theory state?


  relates to the different types of motivation, whether an activity has been freely chosen by the individual or forced (self-determined).
• How does the environment impact motivation?

  -well-equipped and designed facilities motivate individuals to train and work harder. - Sports teams have images of previous success in certain places.
• How does family impact your motivation?

  athletes who receive support and encouragement are more confident in their abilities and are more likely to be successful (Howley and Franks, 2003)
• How does a coach impact your motivation?

  Aim is to develop a 'mastery climate'. Duda and Treasure (2006) Task, Authority, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation and Timing.
• How does personality impact motivation?

  Trait theory suggests that you could be born with high motivation levels towards certain activities. Social learning theory says motivation is learnt through role models.
• Motivational environment - about creating conditions where the athlete feels motivated.
• Self-Determination Theory - three basic psychological needs; autonomy, competence and relatedness.
• Extrinsic motivation - doing something because there's some reward at the end.
• Intrinsic motivation - doing something because it's enjoyable/interesting.