Active genital herpes or perhaps human papillomavirus
AIDS or HIV-positive status
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Cervical cerclage
Disabling conditions, such as severe hypertension of pregnancy, that prevent pushing to accomplish the pelvic division of labor
Failed induction or failure to progress in labor
Obstructive benign or malignant tumor
Previous cesarean birth by classic incision
Elective no indicated risks
Placenta previa
Premature separation of the placenta
Umbilical cord prolapse
Compound conditions such as macrosomic fetus in a breech lie
Extreme low birth weight
Fetal distress
Major fetal anomalies, such as hydrocephalus
Multigestation or conjoined twins
Transverse fetal lie