Nervous, Endocrine, & Reproductive System

• Cerebrum


  Responsible for a human's consciousness, and learning and thinking
• Frontal Lobe


  • Responsible for complex cognitive functions, such as planning, decision-making, memory, and emotional regulation
• Parietal Lobe


  • Processes sensory information, including touch, pain, temperature, and joint position
• Temporal Lobe


  • Plays a key role in understanding language, retaining visual memories, and processing emotions
• Occipital Lobe


  • Responsible for interpreting information from the eyes and turning it into what a person sees, including distance, depth, color, and other aspects of vision
• Cerebellum


  Responsible for muscle movements and maintaining balance within the body
• Brainstem


  Responsible for controlling vital functions like blood pressure, breathing and heart rate
• Spinal cord


  Carries nerve signals from the brain to the body, allowing humans to feel sensations movements and make
• Somatic Nervous System


  Responsible for voluntary movements, control of muscles throughout the body, and receiving sensory information from the surface of the body
• Autonomic Nervous System


  Responsible for involuntary movements such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digesting, and arousal
• Sympathetic


  • Responsible for preparing the body for strenuous physical activities
• Parasympathetic


  • Responsible for undoing the work of the sympathetic division after a stressful / tiring situation
• Endocrine System


  Regulates how much of each hormone is released
• Glands


  An organ whose cells secrete chemical signals via ducts-tubelike structure
• Endocrine Glands


  Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream or into the extracellular fluid around the cells
• Pituitary Gland


  Responsible for producing and secreting several hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, blood pressure, energy management, sexual function, and metabolism
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)


  Stimulates the thyroid to regulate the levels of thyroxine when detected by the pituitary gland
• Thyroid Gland


  Releases thyroxine which regulates metabolism rate and plays a role in growth and development
• Adrenal Gland


  Produces adrenaline which is released in fight or flight response or situation
• Pancreas


  Releases insulin (glucagon) which regulates blood glucose concentration
• Neuron


  Responsible for transmitting information throughout the body
• Dendrites


  • Receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body
• Axon


  • Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to the axon terminals, which communicate with other neurons or effectors
• Axon terminal


  Converts electrical signals into chemical signals by releasing neurotransmitters
• Myelin sheath


  Insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord
• Nodes of Ranvier


  Small gaps of exposed axon
• Schwann Cells


  Cells that wrap the axon to create the myelin sheath
• Cell body (soma)


  Contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles, and acts as the trophic center of the entire neuron
• Saltatory conduction


  The way an electrical impulse skips from node to node down the full length of an axon
• Neurotransmitters


  Chemical messengers body's
• Sensory neurons


  Receive stimuli from sensory organs that monitor the external and internal environment of the body
• Interneurons


  "Middle-man" act as a between afferent/sensory neurons and efferent/motor neurons
• Motor neurons


  Transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles, and so directly control all of our muscle movements