KINSHIP 2

• Kinship


  One of the main organizing principles of society, a basic social institution found in every society that establishes relationships between individuals and groups
• Human society


  • Humans generally do not live alone isolated from each other, instead they live in communities with other people related by ethnicity, nationality, religion or some other cultural element
• Society


  A group of people involved in persistent social interaction or a large social grouping having the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
• Society is composed of interacting individuals and interacting groups sharing a common culture
• Human society


  A large number of people who form a relatively organized, self-sufficient, enduring body
• Kinship


  The culturally defined relationships between individuals who are commonly thought of as having family ties
• All societies use kinship as a basis for forming social groups and for classifying people
• There is a great amount of variability in kinship rules and patterns around the world
• Kinship connections are based on two categories of bonds: those created by marriage and those that result from descent
• Affinity bond (by marriage)


  • Mother-in-law
  • Husband-Wife
  • Sister-in-law
  • Father-in-law
• Consanguinity bond (by blood)


  • Mother/Father
  • Grandparents
  • Aunts
  • Children
  • Grandchildren
  • Uncles
  • Cousins
• Fictive kinship (social courtesy)


  • Godparenthood
  • Adoption of children
• Degree of kinship


  The closeness or distance of any relationship between two individuals based on how they are related
• Degrees of kinship


  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
• Primary kinships


  Direct relations, including primary consanguineal kinship (directly related by birth) and primary affinal kinship (direct relationship formed by marriage)
• Secondary kinship


  The primary kins of primary kin, including secondary consanguineal kinship (primary consanguineal kin's primary consanguineal kin) and secondary affinal kinship (one's primary affinal kin's primary kin)
• Tertiary kinship


  The primary kin of primary kins primary kin or secondary kin, including tertiary consanguineal kinship (an individual's primary consanguineal kin, their primary kin, and their primary kin) and tertiary affinal kinship (primary affinal kin's primary kin's primary kin, secondary affinal kin's primary kin, or primary affinal kin's secondary kin)
• Descent


  The socially recognized biological relationship between individuals in society
• Lineage


  The line through which descent is traced
• Kinship by blood (unilineality)


  • Patrilineal (descent traced exclusively through male ancestors)
  • Matrilineal (descent traced exclusively through female ancestors)
  • Bilineal (relatives on mother's and father's side equally important)
• Kinship by Marriage

  • Monogamy (one partner at a time)
  • Polygyny (man married to multiple wives)
  • Polyandry (woman married to multiple husbands)
  • Group marriage (multiple husbands and wives)
• Forms of monogamy


  • Marital monogamy (two people married)
  • Social monogamy (two partners living together, cooperating)
  • Sexual monogamy (two partners sexually exclusive)
  • Genetic monogamy (sexually monogamous with genetic evidence of paternity)
• Kinship has important relations to family, property, land, marriage, and rituals in society