English

• Research

  Collecting data and information, learning and finding new things
• Concept


  An idea
• Concept


  • 14
  • a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomena, or THAM2
• Income


  • F5,000 - F8,000 +1
• Age


  • 18 4/0 - 20 4/0
• Education Level

  • High School Graduate
  • College Graduate
  • Post Graduate
• Number of siblings

  • 3 siblings in the family
• Theory

  An organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon
• Quantitative method


  Focuses on numbers, objective hard data. It uses statistical analysis and scientific method to prove hypotheses
• Quantitative method

  • a drug abuser telling you how many pills they consume per week
• Qualitative method


  Uses words instead of numbers to display data. It focuses on feelings not numerical data
• Qualitative method


  • a drug abuser telling you how they feel about abusing drugs
• Variables


  Any quality of a person, group subject, event, condition or situation that varies or takes on different values
• Hypothesis


  A logical supposition, a reasonable guess, and educated conjecture
• Hypothesis


  • researcher might be interested in the relationship between study habits and test anxiety. The researcher would propose a hypothesis about how these two variables are related, such as Test anxiety decreases as a result of effective study habits
• Statement


  A statement that answers the research question
• Sampling


  The process of selecting participants who are representatives of a larger population
• A successful research paper should be SMART
• Specific


  A research should be specific. It should maintain the focus on the given subject of research
• Measurable


  A research must contain specific, proven research, and cites all research sources and related literature
• Attainable


  Provide a thesis statement, one that answers the research question and contributes to the knowledge of the given subject
• Realistic


  A research paper is objective and realistic. It should be made to present interpretations, arguments, or evaluation, then it should be based on valid evidence from reliable sources
• Time


  A research cannot be written without the researcher knowing the limits, timeframes, and focuses of the required work
• Once you have chosen a research topic, you will need to narrow it down into a research statement or question
• Ways to narrow down a research topic

  • By demographic characteristics (age group, occupation, ethnic group, gender, etc.)
  • By relevant issues
  • By location
  • By timeframe
  • By causes
• Questionnaire


  A set of questions used to gather information in a survey. It needs to give you the information that you are looking for
• Research is collecting data and information, learning and finding new things
• Steps to write a questionnaire

  1. Figure out what information you are trying to gather from the survey

  2. Write an introduction for your questionnaire

  3. Use closed questions for questionnaire

  4. Order your questions in a way that is meaningful and easy to follow

  5. Put the most important questions at the beginning of your questionnaire

  6. Add a little variety to your questionnaires
• Concept


  A term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomena, or an idea
• Quantitative research


  Focuses on testing theories and hypothesis. It is analyzed through math and statistical analysis, mainly expressed in numbers, graphs, and tables. Requires many respondents
• Qualitative research


  Focuses on exploring ideas and formulating a theory or hypothesis. It is mainly expressed in words, requires few respondents, and uses open-ended questions
• Key terms for quantitative research

  • testing
  • measurement
  • objectivity
  • replicability
• • Income - F5,000 - F8,000 +1
  • Age - 18 4/0 - 20 4/0
  • Education Level - High School Graduate, College Graduate, Post Graduate
  • Number of siblings - 3 siblings in the family
• Key terms for qualitative research

  • understanding
  • context
  • complexity
  • subjectivity
• Theory


  An organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon
• Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative methods will help you make a better decision as to the appropriate approach to use
• Quantitative advantages


  Results are valid, reliable, and generalizable to a larger population. Useful for studies involving numbers
• Quantitative method


  Focuses on numbers, objective hard data. It proves hypotheses using statistical analysis and scientific method
• Quantitative disadvantages


  Measuring human behavior in natural settings is trickier. Some topics are too difficult to quantify
• Quantitative method example


  • A drug abuser telling you how many pills they consume per week