Review

• Homeostasis and endocrine signaling

  • Definition: Know what it is
  • Importance of hypothalamus: In charge, receiving information and comparing. If we need to adjust.
• Thermoregulation


  1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

  2. Blood vessels and how they try to get you back into hypothalamus balance
• Negative feedback


  What it applies to
• Chemical classes of hormones

  • Peptide
  • Steroid
  • Amine
• Peptide hormones


  • Cannot cross the plasma membrane, a receptor on the outside, signal transduction, send a message
• Steroid hormones


  • Solubility, receptor, actions (what is the mode of action, like a steroid goes right into a cell and goes to the nucleus and transpiration factory. Direct gene synthesis as compared to peptide)
• Amine hormones


  • Cannot cross the plasma membrane, a receptor on the outside, signal transduction, send a message
• Pituitary gland


  • Anterior pituitary (true endocrine)
  • Posterior pituitary (axonal transport, doesn't make anything but stores two hormones)
• ADH, Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP/ANH)

  Connections to excretory material
• Thyroid hormone release pathway


  Predict what would happen if that part was disrupted. Would it increase or decrease one of the hormone impact levels of any other hormone
• All hormones travel through the blood
• Protein -> breakdown-> nitrogenous waste
• • Transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule
  • Blood cells and plasma proteins do not transfer
• Countercurrent exchange mechanism


  1. Some exchange when moving in opposite directions

  2. Water and blood in fish exchange oxygen
• Freshwater fish


  Low in salt, produce dilute urine, drink water
• Saltwater fish


  High in salt, never drink water, losing salt
• Know the different parts of the nephrons
• Filtration, reabsorption, secretion


  Know which direction they are selective
• Hormones (ADH, Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP/ANH))

  Know when they'd be released and their mode of action
• Homeostasis


  An animal body's automatic maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment
• Nitrogenous wastes


  Types of nitrogenous wastes (picture/graph)
• Osmoconformer


  An organism whose body fluids have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding environment
• Osmoregulatory


  An organism that maintains a constant internal osmotic concentration regardless of the external environment
• In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of Proteins
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions at the cellular level by Aquaporins transport solute-free water back into the blood from the tubular cells.
• Exam 1 will take place at 8 a.m. on Wednesday


  May 1st
• Students with AVLs will have their time accommodations honored and automatically built-in if they have arranged to take their exam at ODR through Clockwork only
• The exam will be taken in person at 8 a.m. on Wednesday of Week 5
• Locations/rooms will be posted next week
• The exam will consist of 40 - 45 multiple choice questions taken from the Weeks 1, 2, and 3 material
• Students will be required to use Respondus Lockdown Browser for the in-person, closed book exam
• A practice area to check if Respondus is properly installed on your devices will be made available this week
• Material covered


  • Chapter 32 part 1 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling
  • Chapter 32 part 2 Osmoregulation and Excretory
  • Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition
  • Chapter 34 part 1 – Circulatory System
  • Chapter 34 part 2 – Respiratory System and Gas Exchange
• Homeostasis


  An animal body's automatic maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment
• Homeostatic control system functions properly
• Hypothalamus


  • Role in thermoregulation (blood vessels)
  • Negative feedback
• Chemical classes of hormones

  • Steroid
  • Peptide/protein
  • Amine
• Hormones


  Solubility, receptors, action
• Pituitary gland


  • Hypothalamus
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Posterior pituitary
• Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system


  Differs from axonal transport