BIOLOGY

• genetics is a branch of biology which concerned with the study of genes and heredity
• in 1822 to 1884 gredor mendel is the father of genetics and his experiment involves cross pollinating pea plants
• traits is a specific charcter that is unique#
• heredity is the passing of one traits from one generation to the next
• the genetic information is the cell nucleus, chromosomes, gene, dna
• the cell nucleus is where the chromosomes live
• the genetic information is the cell nucleus, chromosomes, gene, dna
• chromosomes contains all the genetic material
• gene is a segment of chromosome
• dna is the material from which chromosomes are constructed
• genes and alleles both chromosomes have the same genes but they can have different form of these genes
• alleles is the various form of the same genes
• dominant traits is always express or shown
• recessive trait is always covered up or disappear
• the name of the dominant trait determines what letter is used to represent the gene
• use a capital of the first letter of the dominant trait to represent the dominant gene
• use a small versiom of the first letter of the dominant trait to reprsent recessive
• genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism
• phenotype is the physical traits
• traits are described as either homozygous or heterozygous
• gregor mendel through his work on pea plants discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
• gregor mendel discovered that individual traits are determined by discrete factors later known as genes
• gregor mendel deducted that each organism inherits one allele for a gene is from each parent
• the combination of genes the organism has is called genotype
• if the organism inherits two of the same gene, the genotype is homozygous
• If it inherits two different genes, it is heterozygous
• homo means same while zygous means having genetic material
• A homozygous individual carries two copies of the same allele
• hetero means different zygous means having genetic material
• a heterozygous individual carries two copies of different allele
• homozygous is pure
• heterozygous is mixed
• homozygous has pure dominant and pure recessive
• pure dominant is when the individual only has genes for the dominant trait
• pure recessive is when individual only has genes for recessive trait
• heterozygous is when individual has one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a trait. the result is the dominant gene is the one expressed or shown
• punnet square is a way to show the possible combinations of genes that offspring of parents could have
• gregor mendel is austrian monk who formulated fundamental laws of heredity in early 1860s
• gregor mendel studied science and mathematics at university of vienna
• gregor mendel conducted breeding experiment with the garden pea