DISS

• LINGUISTICS

  Derived from lingua — language
• LANGUAGE

  Strictly a human capacity that allows us to relate complex ideas. It is communicated through speech and functions using linguistic signs or words
• Branches of Linguistics


  • Phonetics
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Semantics
  • Pragmatics
• Phonetics

  Human speech sound
• Phonology


  Principles governing sound system (Rhyming sound)
• Morphology


  Studies language structure from its morphic roots (Prefix, suffix and root words)
• Syntax


  Studies sentence structure as grammar (Subject/Verbs)
• Semantics


  Studies the logic and meanings of words and phrases (cause & effect)
• Pragmatics


  The use of language and its effects on society
• DIONYSIUS THRAX used morphology to produce a system of grammar in the 2nd century BCE
• Linguistics was known as philology or the study of the history of words


  19TH CENTURY
• PANINI of INDIA-systematically categorized Sanskrit sounds into consonants and vowels, nouns, and verbs
• Sibawayh -documented the Arabic language by distinguishing all differences in sounds and phonemes
• Plato -explored the meaning of words by looking into their history
• Ferdinand de Saussure

  Father of Structural and Modern Linguistics
• Structural linguistics


  Studies the language as a system of contrasts and equivalents
• SAPIR and WHORF

  They pioneered linguistic determinism
• Linguistic determinism


  The idea that language influences the way people think and shapes the way people perceive the world
• NOAM CHOMSKY


  He espoused well-formed sentences as one of the central ideas of generative grammar
• Generative grammar


  A linguistic theory which states that human beings are capable of forming and distinguishing well-formed sentences
• UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR


  Theory that all languages have an underlying universal structure within them that lends them to being cognitively grasped
• HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS

  Diachronic linguistics. One of the first subdisciplines of linguistics formed during the late 19th century
• SOCIOLINGUISTICS

  Social background & relationship of the addresser and addressee. The context and manner through which the communication transpired
• DEVELOPMENTAL LINGUISTICS

  Analyzes the development of language acquisition, retention, loss and bilingualism
• NEUROLINGUISTICS

  Studies the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information in relation to language
• Corpus Linguistics

  A method of studying a language based on "real-world" text
• Corpus Linguistics Process

  • Annotation
  • Abstraction
  • Analysis
• Content Analysis

  Allows the scholar to create meaningful and data-driven conclusions by evaluating how frequent a context appeared
• Computational Linguistics

  The study of how language can be computationally modeled
• Computational Linguistics Example

  • Google translate
• Lexicography

  The practice of collecting words and their meaning in systematic manner resembling the structure of a dictionary
• PSYCHOLOGY

  Greek word psyche which means "soul"
• Psychology

  Study of behavior and mental processes, seeks to answer why the human mind works the way it does and how it functions and operates
• Confucianism

  • Humanness
  • Righteousness
  • Proper rite
  • Knowledge
  • Integrity
• Hinduism and Buddhism

  • Self-awareness as a method of enlightenment
• HIPPOCRATES

  Father of Medicine, Theory of humors - Explaining behavior or personality
• Four foundations of personality

  • Sanguine - cheerful and active
  • Melancholic - sad
  • Choleric - angry and aggressive
  • Phlegmatic - calm and passive
• IMAM-RAZI said sentimental attachment to material objects could be a cause of mental illness when the object is lost or the person is separated from it
• IMAM-GHAZALI said the self is the essence of man and that self is the core from which personality arises, and identified six powers of the self: anger, impulse, apprehension, Intellect, appetite, and will
• Rene Descartes


  Theorized the dualism of the mind and body, "I think therefore I am"