MW

• Data Management


  Development, execution and supervision of plans, policies, programs and practices that control, protect, deliver, and enhance the value of data and information assets
• Data Management


  Administrative process by which the required data is acquired, validated, stored, to satisfy the needs of the data users
• Statistics


  Branch of mathematical dealing with collection, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data
• Data Gathering Methods


  • Direct or Interview Method
  • Indirect or Questionnaire Method
  • Registration Method
  • Observation Method
  • Experimental Method
• Direct or Interview Method


  • Person to Person encounter between source of information (interviewee) and one who ask (interviewer)
  • Done personal, Internet Access, Phone
• Indirect or Questionnaire Method


  Uses questions
• Registration Method


  Records from government agency authorized by law
• Observation Method


  • Behaviors of individuals/groups
  • Observe
• Experimental Method


  • From results/series of experience
  • For scientific inquiry
• Levels of Measurement


  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio
• Nominal


  Non overlapping scale
• Ordinal


  With implied order or ranking
• Interval


  Distance of 2 any number has zero point, unit of measurement
• Ratio


  Reflect true existence of zero point as origin; manipulated by multiplication/division, while addition/subtraction is for interval
• Forms to Present Data

  • Textual Forms
  • Tabular Forms
  • Graphical Forms
• Textual Forms


  Makes use of sentences, words, paragraph
• Tabular Forms


  • Systematic representations in rows/columns
  • Must be simple, focuses attention on data, and clear
• Parts of a Table

  • Heading
  • Table Number
  • Title
  • Head Note
  • Box Head
  • Stub
  • Footnote
  • Source note
• Graphical Forms


  • Accurate - provide highest degree of accuracy
  • Simple - simple, straightforward
  • Clear - easily read understood
  • Attractive- stylish; neat, dignified, and professional appearance
• Types of Graphs


  • Line Graph
  • Bar Graph
  • Pie Graph
  • Pictograph
• Line Graph


  Used when: covers long period of time, serve series are compared, movement are to be emphasized, trends are to be established, estimations to be forecasted
• Bar Graph


  Used when: values are compared, require bar are used, where heights represent the frequency/quantity of each category
• Pie Graph


  Shows percentage/composition of parts as a whole
• Pictograph


  Immediately suggests nature
• Ways to Organize Data

  • Array
  • Frequency Distribution Table
• Array


  Arrangement of values/data either ascendant or descendant
• Frequency Distribution Table


  • Classifies values in interval or class
  • Parts: Class, Class Frequency, Class mark/midpoint, Cumulative Frequency, Relative Frequency
• Range


  Highest Value to Lowest Value
• Sturge's Approx (K)


  1 + 3.322LogN
• Class Size (C)


  C = R/K
• Graphical Presentation of Frequency Distribution

  1. Label either class mark/mid point on horizontal axis

  2. Plot frequency on vertical axis

  3. The vertical scale must always include zero

  4. The horizontal scale must include only the range of the observed data and one extra interval at each end

  5. Height should be approximately ¾ the length of the horizontal axis
• Frequency Histogram


  Use sets of vertical bars
• Frequency Polygon


  Line chart plotted along histogram; chart against class mark
• Less than Ogive


  Less than cumulative frequency is plotted against the upper-class limit
• Greater than Ogive


  Greater than cumulative frequency is plotted against the lower limit
• Data Analysis/Interpretation


  Process of making sense of collected data
• Descriptive Statistics Methods


  • Method of central tendency
  • Method of dispersion
  • Method of skewness/kurtosis
• Inferential Statistics Methods


  • Estimate of Parameters
  • Hypothesis testing
• Measure of central tendency


  Measures center of set or data arranged in order of magnitude
• Measures of central tendency

  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode