ANAPHY

• Anatomy - study of structures by dissection, imaging, and microscopy
• Macro - gross & systemic, embryology & development
• Micro - cytology & histologyy
• Physiology - study of functions by chemical and physical means; cells, organs, systems
• Anatomy - structure of the body and its relationship to its constituent parts to each other
• Regional Anatomy - geographical study is made in each region; relationship between various structures
• Systemic anatomy - systems have been grouped together and describe
• Functional anatomy - position and relationship of one part of the body; closely allied to physiology
• Physiology - functions of the normal human body
• Physiology is closely linked to Biology, Cytologist, Biochemist, Physics
• Biology - study of all living things
• Cytologist - someone who studies structure of cells
• Biochemist - chemical changes and activities of cells and investigating complex chemistry of life
• Physics - physical reactions and movements taking place in the body
• LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION: Chemical - Organelle - Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ system - Organism
• Cell - simplest functional unit that is held by special intracellular material. It is only seen with the help of microscope.
• there are approximately 100 trillion cells
• New cells are formed whenever a cell dies
• Tissue - collection of cells ( of diff types as well as their extracellular material) which perform the same function and are joined together by a connective tissue
• 4 classes of tissue are Epithelial Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Connective Tissue
• Epithelial Tissue - covers surfaces such as skin, lining of body cavities, lining of hollow organs like bladder and stomach
• Muscle Organ - performs work or alters the shape of an organ
• Nervous Tissue - it includes neurons and their support cells called neuroglia
• Connective tissue - Provides support and protection to other tissues, and helps to maintain the shape of the body.
• Connective tissue - all the rest e.g. blood cells, bone and cartilage cells, and matrix that fill body spaces bind tissues together
• Organ - collection of tissues forming a structure that performs a specific function in the body.
• Example of the organ that is a collection of tissue is the stomach. The stomach has muscular and glandular and other tissues that is concerned with the churning (mixing) and digestion of foods which the body can use
• System / Organ system - several organs each performing a specific function to maintain life
• The digestive system have many organs among them are mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum
• Mouth - it chews and moisten food
• Esophagus - delivers food to the stomach
• Stomach - grinds and dissolve food
• Small Intestine - it finishes digesting foods and absorbs nutrients
• Large intestine - reabsorbs water to prevent loss
• Rectum - stores feces
• TERMS USED IN ANATOMY: Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior , Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal
• Superior - toward the head
• Inferior - away from the head (lower, down)
• Anterior - front of the body
• Posterior - back of the body