Chem Exam 4

• Polar covalent bonds unequally share electrons
• non-polar covalent bonds equally share electrons
• Compounds are more ionic the further they are from each other on the periodic table
• Be is ok with 4 electrons
• B and Al are ok with 6 electrons
• Ionic bonds transfer electrons between metals and nonmetals
• Covalent bonds share electrons between nonmetals and nonmetals
• Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen atoms form covalent bonds to highly electronegative elements (F, O, N)
• The larger the dipole moment, the more polar the bond
• Linear shape is always non-polar
• a molecule with 2 electron clouds and 0 lone pairs is linear
• a molecule with 3 electron clouds and 0 lone pairs is trigonal planar
• a molecule with 3 electron clouds and 1 lone pair is bent
• a molecule with 4 electron clouds and 0 lone pairs is a tetrahedral
• a molecule with 4 electron clouds and 1 lone pair is trigonal planar
• a molecule with 4 electron clouds and 2 lone pairs is bent
• bent molecules are always polar
• F has the largest electronegativity
• a free radical has an odd number of electrons
• free radicals are highly reactive
• hybridization is the mixing of orbitals in preparation for bonding
• a molecule with 5 electron clouds and 0 lone pairs is trigonal bipyramidal
• a molecule with 5 electron clouds and 1 lone pair is a sesaw
• a molecule with 5 electron clouds and 2 lone pairs is t-shaped
• a molecule with 5 electron clouds and 3 lone pairs is linear
• a molecule with 6 electron clouds and 0 lone pairs is an octahedral
• a molecule with 6 electron clouds and 1 lone pair is square pyramidal
• a molecule with 6 electron clouds and 2 lone pairs is square planar
• linear molecules have a degree of 180
• pi bond is an unhybridized p orbitals
• sigma bond is a single bond
• pi bond is a double bond
• ion-ion forces are attractive forces between anions and cations
• H-bonds are special dipole-dipole interactions
• dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between polar molecules
• dispersion forces are attractive forces between non-polar molecules
• polarizability is the ease with which the electron distribution is distorted
• the larger the electron cloud, the stronger the dispersion forces
• ion-dipole interactions are weak and occur between polar molecules and ions
• dipole-induced dipole forces are between polar and non-polar molecules