more morphology questions

Cards (159)

  • In context-sensitive inflection, the realization of a morphosyntactic feature varies.
  • Concord or agreement occurs when one element in a sentence takes on the morphosyntactic features of another element.
  • Sufijo comitativo
    accion de compañia, union o acciòn conjunta
  • formas no personales del verbo
    no expresan persona gramatical (primera, segunda o tercera persona) infinitivo, gerundio y participio
  • Sincretismo
    es la unión o convergencia de dos o más unidades lingüísticas que tenían un origen diferente, pero que acaban siendo una misma forma o expresión. Es un proceso común en la evolución de las lenguas.
  • Oraciones de relativo
    oraciones subordinadas adjetivas o de relativo que modifican a un sustantivo o pronombre de la oración principal. Restrictivas y apositivas
  • Oraciones de relativo restrictivas
    Aportan información esencial para identificar al antecedente (el sustantivo al que se refieren). Sin ellas, la oración principal carecería de sentido completo.
  • Oraciones de relativo apositivas (o explicativas)

    implemente añaden información adicional, un dato accesorio sobre el antecedente, pero no es imprescindible para entender la oración principal.
  • Preterito e imperfecto
    hablan sobre acciones pasadas
    1. Pretérito (o pretérito perfecto simple): acciones pasadas que se consideran completas, específicas y limitadas en el tiempo. Se utiliza para eventos puntuales que ocurrieron en un momento específico en el pasado.
    2. Imperfecto (o pretérito imperfecto): acciones pasadas que son habituales, continuas, repetidas o que no tienen un inicio o fin claramente definido en el pasado. También se usa para describir acciones que estaban en curso en un momento específico en el pasado o para establecer el contexto de una narración.
  • enclítico
    se refiere a una palabra que se une al final de otra palabra o forma verbal. En español, los enclíticos son principalmente pronombres que se añaden al final de un verbo conjugado, formando una sola palabra."Dámelo",
  • all and only criterion
    whether a certain linguistic category (sound, word, syntactic structure) belong to a class or category
    if only it satisfies all properties of a class
  • parsing
    breaking down sentences into syntactic components on how they are related to each other
  • syntax tree
    visual representation
    each node a syntactic constituent and its relationship to other nodes
  • functional syntax

    meaning and function of words
    syntactic structures in a sentences
  • formal syntax
    abstract structure of the sentence itself
  • syntax
    meaning of a sentence by combining the structural relationship between words
  • transformaciones sintacticas
    cambios en la estructura supergiciak de la oracion no altera el significado profundo
    generaciòn de oraciones mas complejas a partir de simples
  • voz pasiva
    verbo ser + pasado participio del verbo principal
  • levels of language structure
    phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics
  • ellipsis
    leaving out words than can be inferred from the context, the remain words are constituents
  • constituency test

    method to determine whether a group of words is a constituent
    substitution: replacing a group of words with a single word or pronoun
    movement: move the group within the sentence
    coordination: joining a group within a coordinating conjunctions
  • types of collocations
    adjective-noun: heavy rain
    verb-object: make a desicion
    verb-preposition: get on a train
  • fixed phrase
    based on linguistic/cultural convention
  • sentence builder
    type of ficed phrase
    combining elements in a specific order
  • subcategorization of verbs
    Transitive verbs: verbs that require a direct object
    intransitive verbs: do not take a do. the bird flew
    ditransitive verbs: both d.o, i.o
    transitive directional verbs: d.o indicate direction or location
  • selectional restrictions
    constraints ion the type of complement that can be used with particular word, based on the meaning of the word
  • phase structure
    hierarchical structure of phrases
  • dependacy structure
    representing the relationships between words in a sentence
  • highly constrained phrase

    limited variability in structure and meaning
    prepositional phrase: always work as an adverbial modifier
  • components of a phrase
    head: syntactic category
    modifiers: aditional information about the head
  • non fintite/ finite verbs
    non finite marked for tense, person, and number, infinities, gerunds, particles
    finit: conjugate for tense, person, number
  • fronting
    move at the beginning for emphasis
  • clause
    group of words: subject+predicate
    independant, dependant
  • main clause
    stand alone
    complete tought
  • subordinate clause

    presence of subordinate conjunction or relative pronoun
    complement: of the main clause
    relative: modifies the noun, introduce by relative pronun
  • subordinate clause types
    adverbial: when/where/how/why
    adjectival: noun in the main clause
    nominal: subject,object, complement of the main clause
    additional information or context
    time,place,manner
    cause-effect
    condition or concession
  • Clause of concession vs clause of condition
    Conseccion: contrary to what might be expected: although, even though
    condition: hypothetical situation met to the main clause to be true: if, unless
  • generative grammar
    small and finite set of rules
    it can be used to "generate" or produce sentence structures and not just describe them.
    How some superficially different phrases and sentences are closely
    related
    how some superficially similar phrases and sentences are in fact
    different.
  • Raised object
    Appers to be a direct object
    linked to a lower verb
    I want to read a book- book lower verb-read
    apper to be the object of want
  • rematizacion
    anteponer un constituyente oracional