Ge107

• Factors that form language clusters in dialects

  • Social
  • Historical
  • Spatial
• Pidgin

  New language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but don't share a common language. Describes a blend of several different languages spoken by a multicultural population into one mutually understood language.
• Creole


  A distinct language which has taken most of its vocabulary from another language but has its own unique grammatical rules
• Regional Dialect


  A variety spoken in a particular region
• Minority Dialect

  Variety of language used by members of a particular minority ethnic group as a marker of identity
• Indigenized Varieties


  Spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations
• Language Register / Register

  The way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances, determined by factors such as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience. Determines the vocabulary, structure and some grammar in one's writing and even in one's oral discourse.
• 5 Distinct Registers

  • Frozen
  • Formal
  • Consultative
  • Casual
  • Intimate
• Frozen Register

  Style of communication which rarely or never changes, frozen in time and content, "static"
• Formal Register


  Language is used in formal settings and is one-way in nature, follows a commonly accepted format
• Consultative Register

  Users engage in a mutually accepted structure of communications, formal and societal expectations accompany the users of this speech
• Casual Register

  Used by peers and friends, slang, vulgarities and colloquialisms are normal
• Intimate Register


  Private, reserved for close family members or intimate people
• 4 Main Qualities for an Effective Message

  • Simplicity
  • Specificity
  • Structure
  • Stickiness
• How to Make Your Ideas Stick

  • Simple
  • Unexpected
  • Concrete
  • Credible
  • Emotional
  • Story
• Communication

  The act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another
• Interaction

  Exchange of information, ideas or thoughts between two or more individuals or entities
• Transference

  The act of transferring messages from the sender to the receiver
• Dispensation

  The act of giving or distributing messages from the sender to the receiver
• Language


  Allows us to share our ideas, thoughts and feelings with others. Has the power to build societies, but also tear them down. Has 3 basic functions- Informative, expressive, and directive.
• Linguistic


  Scientific study of language
• Syntax

  Grammatical structure of words and phrases to create coherent sentences, arrangement or order of words, determined by both the writer's style and grammar rules
• Decoder

  The person who receives the message and decodes it
• Receiver

  They need to think about all the contents and elements of the source, so as to communicate/responds to the sender effectively
• Sender

  The person who initiates the communication process, conveys a message through a channel to the receiver
• Transmission

  Process by which the sender transmits or sends message to its recipient
• Verbal Communication

  Process of exchange of information or message between two or more persons through written or oral words, encompasses all communication using spoken words or unspoken words as in the case with sign language, includes face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media
• Non-verbal Communication

  Process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages, includes tone, facial expressions, body language, hand movements and eye contact, covering body language, gestures, how we dress or act, where we stand and even our scent
• Written Communication

  Form of verbal communication wherein you communicate through writing, includes letters, e-mails, social media, books, magazines, internet and other media
• Digital Communication

  Involves leveraging multiple channels and platforms to reach your target audience, including social media, email marketing, digital advertising, content marketing, etc. Uses technology to communicate with other people, online communication
• Visual Communication

  Type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages, includes slide presentations, diagrams, physical models, drawings and illustrations
• Listening

  Important part of communication and in order to be a great communicator, you must master the art of listening
• Public Speaking

  A type of face-to-face communication between individuals and an audience, act of performing a speech to a live audience
• High Context

  Tradition-linked communication system which adheres strongly to being indirect, leave much of the message unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and between-the-lines interpretation of what is actually said
• Low Context

  A system that works on straightforward communication, expect messages to be explicit and specific
• Sequential Register

  People give full attention to one agenda item after another, "short-term view"
• Synchronic

  The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past, the flow of time is viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present and future all interrelated, "long-term planning"
• Variety

  A speaker's ability to use a combination of all the different types of language aforementioned to successfully and creatively get ideas across
• Language Register

  Level and style of spoken and written discourse depending on the context you are in