digestive system

• Digestion

  process by which the complex food taken into the body is transformed into simpler molecules that can pass through the cell membrane so the body can use them.
• Enzymes

  The process of digestion with the aid of special protein molecules
• Intracellular digestion

  -Takes place inside the cell

  Extracellular digestion

  -Takes place outside the cell but inside the digestive cavity
• Incomplete digestive system

  Takes place in animals without anus
• Digestive system is concerned with

  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Egestion
  • Excretion
• Mouth

  Where the food enters
• Anus

  Where undigested food passes out (Incomplete Digestive System)
• Hydra

  Only one opening in the sacklike cavity
• Planaria

  Same sacklike cavity but it is branched.
• Humans have a more complicated digestive system
• Mechanical Digestion

  Takes place as food enters the mouth and gets torn, ground, and chewed by the teeth.
• SIX SALIVARY GLANDS

  Parotid gland

  -Two larger ones are found below and in front of the eras

  Submandibular gland

  -Two under the lower jaw

  Sublingual gland

  -Two under the tongue
• Epiglottis

  Small flap that closes the windpipe or trachea
• 9 inch esophagus
• Peristalsis

  Esophageal muscles produce an alternating wavelike motion that pushes down the food
• The esophagus is connected to the stomach by the cardiac sphincter
• Valve

  a strong ring of muscles that prevents the food from leaving the cardiac part of the stomach.
• The human stomach can hold 2.37 liters of foods
• Small intestines

  It is a 23-foot
• Liver

  -largest digestive gland in the body

  Bile

  -secretes yellow green liquid
• Cholesterol


  Manufactured by the body from fatty foods
• Appendix


  The hanging pouch
• The undigested food or waste materials empty to the Large intestines (5feet)
• Feces


  The solid waste
• A danger of food poisoning known as septic poisoning
• Deficiency of Iron leading to Anemia/Anaemia


  Causes reduction of the number of red blood corpuscles or hemoglobin in the blood stream or both
• Hypertension


  Too much cholesterol produced from fatty foods deposited on the inner lining of the blood vessel making the tube opening smaller, low tension and stress
• Scurvy


  Lack of vitamin C
• Kwashiorkor


  Protein deficiency
• Marasmus


  Calorie deficiency
• Diabetes


  Inability to metabolize sugar
• Diarrhea/Loose bowel movement


  Harmful bacteria ingested due to unclean hands
• Constipation is caused by lack of water and fiber