P1

• density = mass (kg) / volume (m3)

  solid = fixed volume and shape

  liquid = fixed volume - not fixed shape

  gas = no shape and no fixed volume
• temperature tells you how hot or cold something is

  measured in C / F
• changes of state

  when thermal energy is either removed or added - state changes

  
• specific heat capacity - change in energy to raise temp of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

  SHC of water = 4200

  
• specific latent heat = change in energy when 1kg of substance changes state without changing temperature

  
• change in energy when changing state

  
• when u melt or boil solid or liquid energy is still being put in but is used to break bonds rather than raise temp

  when u freeze or condense liquid or gas - bonds are forming between particles rather than lower temp
• gas pressure = force gas particles exert onto the container its in

  higher force push onto container = higher pressure

  gas pressure measured in pascals (Pa)
• pressure of gases

  • increase in concentration = pressure increases (same reason as temp)
  • increase in temp = pressure increases as there will be more successful collisions and frequency of collisions on container
  • change in volume = more space - less successful collisions & frequency of collisions - pressure decreases