Module 9 - 11
Cards (100)
- Thrive almost everywhere, including places too acidic, salty, cold, or hot for most other organisms.
- True or False. There are more prokaryotes in a handful of fertile soil than the number of people who have ever lived
- The two domains of prokaryotes
- Most prokaryotes are _______________, although some species form colonies.
- Prokaryotic cells three most common shapes are
- maintains cell shape, provides physical protection, and prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
- Eukaryote cell walls are made of
- Bacterial cell walls contain ________________, a network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides.
- Using the _________ ________, scientists classify many bacterial species into Grampositive and Gram-negative groups based on cell wall composition.
- Have less peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that can be toxic, and they are more likely to be antibiotic resistant.
- A polysaccharide or protein layer called a ____________ covers many prokaryotes.
- Some prokaryotes have ____________ (also called attachment pili), which allow them to stick to their substrate or other individuals in a colony
- _________ ________ are longer than fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA by conjugation.
- Allow bacteria to adhere to each other and substrates.
- Most motile bacteria propel themselves by ___________ that are structurally and functionally different from eukaryotic ____________.
- In a heterogeneous environment, many bacteria exhibit ______, the ability to move toward or away from certain stimuli.
- Most of the genome consists of a _____________ _____________.
- Some species of bacteria also have smaller rings of DNA called ____________.
- membrane and that is located in a _____________ ____________.
- Prokaryotes reproduce asexually quickly by ___________ _________ and can clone / divide every 1-3 hours.
- Many prokaryotes form metabolically inactive _____________, which can remain dormant and viable in harsh conditions for centuries.
- Three factors contribute to genetic diversity
- Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, and offspring cells are
- Mutation rates during binary fission are low, but because of ________ _______________, mutations can accumulate rapidly in a population.
- · High diversity from mutations allows for ___________ _______________.
- Prokaryotic DNA from different individuals can be brought together by
- A prokaryotic cell can take up and incorporate foreign DNA from the surrounding environment in a process called
- Is the movement of genes between bacteria by bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)
- Is the process where genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells.
- Allow cells to connect and pull together for DNA transfer.
- · A piece of DNA called the ___ ________ is required for the production of sex pili.
- Carry genes for antibiotic resistance.
- Obtain energy from light.
- Obtain energy from chemicals.
- Require CO2 as a carbon source.
- Require an organic nutrient to make organic compounds.
- The four major modes of nutrition
- Prokaryotic metabolism varies with respect to
- Require O2 for cellular respiration.
- Are poisoned by O2 and use fermentation or anaerobic respiration.