bowlby 1944

• done 1936-1939 but published in 1944
• high iq = 15

  average iq = 27

  low iq = 2
• 44 participants in each group matched on age gender and iq
• 31 males and 13 females aged 5-17
• 23 grade 4 thieves = stealing a lot

  3 grade 1 thieves = one theft
• case study = in depth look at a group
• opportunity sampling from bowlbys clinic for child guidance London
• Binet iq and emotional attitude mental tests on children = social worker interviews mum and child about early childhood and school records = given 1 of 6 characteristics = weekly interviews for up to 6 months after
• findings of bowlby

  • either given normal, affectionless, hyperthermic, schizoid, circular or depressive character type
  • 14 affectionless thieves
  • 12 out of 14 had early separation from mother
  • 13/23 grade 4 thieves were affectionless
• conclusions of bowlby

  • supports psychoanalytical assumption that early Years have a large impact on development
  • factors inhibiting forming relationships increase likelihood of offending
  • not all due to this but also social and economic factors
  • if spot early can treat but prevention is better by avoiding separation or providing equal care
• high internal validity as used matched pairs off 44 participants on age sex and iq = lower ppt variables
• low external reliability as a case study defined by bowlby himself as 'unsystematic and unplanned' = cannot be checked for consistently
• unethical = may lack valid consent as done in 1936-1939 but published in 1944 = may not have known = particular issue as children 5-17 so vulnerable
• alternative evidence = bowlby TBC tuberculosis = little to no long term consequences due to separation from mother in hospital for long time periods = contradicts conclusions
• positive impact on education sector = 1 to 3 ratio of nursery staff to children = provide equal emotional support not matron like olden days = reduce impact on development
• positive impact on health sector = unrestricted hospital visiting times for parents = can still provide emotional care = reduce influence on development
• negative impact on gender roles = discrimination and guilt put on working women for leaving their children = worse and deprived economy