Gregor Johann Mendel His experiments on pea plants led to the discovery that there are certain traits that follow particular patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next
He formulated the three laws of inheritance; law of segregation, law of dominance, and law of independent assortment
Allele
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
F1 Generation
First filial or first generation of offspring
F2 Generation
Generation produced by interbreeding individuals of the F1 generation
Gametes
Reproductive sex cells
Heterozygous
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (Aa)
Homozygous
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait (AA) (aa)
Punnett Square
Diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
Phenotype
Observable characteristics of an individual
Genotype
Genetic composition of an individual
Recessive Trait
Trait that is masked in the presence of dominant trait
Less common trait
Dominant Trait
Trait that is expressed
Common trait
Probability
The branch of mathematics that explains the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett Square Experiment
1. Gametes produced by the parents are written on the outer sides (the top and the left sides) of the square
2. The possible gene combinations are represented inside the square
Monohybrid
How one trait is inherited from parents to offspring
