hand signals

• Time to serve - The referee’s arm is extended towards the team who will serve, occurring mostly after a fault.
• service order fault - The referee signals by making a circular motion with the forefinger.
• team time-out - Referee places the palm of one hand over the fingers of the other, held vertically (forming a T) and then indicates the requesting team.
• substitution - When a player on the court is replaced by one from the bench. Referee makes a circular motion of the forearms around each other.
• misconduct warning - a referee will show a yellow card as a warning.
• misconduct penalty - The referee signals this by showing a red card.
• expulsion - The referee signals by showing both cards jointly.
• disqualification - The referee signals by showing red and yellow cards separately.
• end of set - the referee crosses the forearms in front of the chest, hands open.
• change of courts - Referee’s arms are raised on the front and back and twist them around the body
• illegal substitution - An official would show this by placing one arm up vertically above their head and then rotating it around.
• authorisation to serve - The referee ' s hand moves to indicate the direction of the service
• antenna violation - The referee will raise his hand upward, elbows bent in 90- degree with fingers together and palms toward face.
• ball not tossed or release at the service hit - the referee lifts the extended arm, the palm of the hand facing upwards.
• delay in service - the referee whistles for service, the referee raises five or eight fingers, spread open.
• blocking fault or screening - the referee raises both arms vertically, palms forward.
• positional or rotational fault - the referee would then make small circle motions to indicate that a rotation area has occurred.
• ball in - the referee points the arm and fingers toward the floor.
• ball out - the referee raises the forearms vertically, hands open, palms towards the body.
• catch - the referee slowly lifts the forearm, palm of the hand facing upwards.
• double contact - the referee raises two fingers, spread open.
• four hits - the referee raises four fingers, spread open.
• net touched by player - the referee indicates the relevant side of the net with the corresponding hand
• reaching beyond the net - the referee places a hand above the net, palm facing downwards.
• attack hit fault - Referee makes a downward motion with the forearm, hand open.
• double fault and replay - the referee raising both thumbs vertically.
• delay warning - the referee covers their wrist with a yellow card.
• delay penalty - the referee covers their wrist with a red card and a point and service are given to the opponent.
• point awarded - the referee lifts their hand in that direction.
• line fault - A center line fault occurs when a player crosses the center line and touches the opponent’ s court.
• ball touched - the referee brushes with the palm of one hand the fingers of the other, held vertically.