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Mikayla H
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Cards (180)
Organs involved in human urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Organs involved in female reproductive system
Ovaries
Uterine Tube (
Fallopian
Tubes
)
Uterus
(Including
Cervix
)
Vagina
(Birth Canal)
External Genitalia (
Vulva
)
Organs involved in male reproductive system
Testes
Epididymis
Ductus
Deferens (
Vas
Deferens)
Urethra
Accessory
Glands
Penis
Which parts of the urinary system are typically sterile?
Urinary Bladder
Upper Respiratory Tract
In the vagina, what are the common bacterias that live there?
Lactobacilli
Streptococci
Candida albicans
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
Inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
Infection of the ureters
Ureteritis
Inflammation of one or both kidneys
Pyelonephritis
What bacteria species causes gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males?
Painful
Urination
Discharge
/ Pus
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in females?
Pelvic
Inflammatory
Disease
Fewer Symptoms
If gonorrhea is left untreated what can it turn into?
Endocarditis
Meningitis
Arthritis
What virus is the cause of genital herpes?
HSV-2
What are the symptoms of HSV-2?
Painful vesicles on
genitals
Painful
urination
May heal within
2
weeks
Selectively finding and destroying pathogens without damaging host
Selective Toxicity
The use of chemicals to treat a disease
Chemotherapy
Substance produced by a microbe that in small amounts inhibits another microbe
Antibiotic
Synthetic substance that interfere with the growth of microbes
Antimicrobial Drugs
Kills microbes directly
Bactericidal
Prevents microbes from growing
Bacteriostatic
Resistant penicillins
Penicillinase
What inhibits cell wall synthesis?
Penicillin
What are the 5 major action modes of antibacterial drugs?
Inhibition of
cell wall
synthesis
Inhibition of
protein
synthesis
Inhibition of nucleic acid
replication
and
transcription
Injury to
plasma membrane
Inhibition of essential
metabolite
synthesis
Inhibit folic acid synthesis needed for the nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Sulfonamides
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is an example of what?
Drug
Synergism
Aids in the production of DNA and RNA
Folic Acid
How do humans get folic acid?
Food
How do bacteria get folic acid?
Synthesize
it
Why is it more difficult to find a point of selective toxicity in anti fungal drugs as compared to antibacterial drugs?
Fewer differences in the selective toxicity in
eukaryotes
compared to
prokaryotes
As compared to antibacterial drugs, why are there so few antiviral drugs?
Since viruses replicate in the host cells, it is difficult to target the virus without
damaging
host
cells
How does acyclovir stop viral replication?
It inhibits viral
DNA
integration
into the
host
genome
What nucleoside does acyclovir resemble?
Deoxyguanosine
What does the Kirby-Baur test do?
Determines the
sensitivity
of an organism to an
antibiotic
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Blocking
entry
Inactivation by
enzymes
Alteration of target
molecule
Efflux of
antibiotic
What are ways that patients misuse antibiotics that tend to lead towards antibiotic resistant microbes?
Use in
inappropriate
conditions
Using someones leftover
prescription
Not completing
prescribed
regimen
Using
outdated
or
weak
antibiotics
The effects of two drugs together is greater than the effect of one alone
Drug
Synergism
The effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone
Antagonism
What is the central nervous system?
Brain
and
Spinal Cord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Nerves
that branch from
CNS
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