Neuron anatomy

• Nucleus

  contains DNA which codes for production of protiens which serve many functions within cell
• Mitochondia

  produce adenosine phosphate - used for energy
• Termianl buttons


  • end of axon
  • contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
  • When action potential reaches them neurotransmitters released into synapse = allows communication with neighboring neurons or target cells
• Dendrites & axons

  • Dendrites - receive signals from other neurons & transmit them towards cell body
  • axons - conduct signals away from cell body to other neurons or target cells
  • Axons = insulated by a myelin sheath - composed of lipid & protein layers - helps speed up transmission
• Neuroglia - supporting cells


  • 1/2 brains volume
  • central nervous stystem glia cells = Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
  • peripheral nervous system cells - schwann cells - wrap neurons, provide guides to support regeneration of axons of damaged neurons
• Astrocytes

  supply:

  • nurtrients
  • structural support
  • clean-up
  • chemical protection for neurons
• Oligodendrocytes

  form processes which produce myelin sheath
• Synapse

  • Terminals can lie adjacent to dendrites, soma, axons or other terminals
  • Pre- & post membranes separated by synaptic cleft
  • Synaptic vesicles hold molecules of neurotransmitter
  • Action potential causes release of transmitter into cleft