CENTRALIZATION AND RESISTANCE

• What were major trends in the way states changed in this period?

  • Major trends in state changes included attempts to centralize power, resistance from nobles or local elites against centralized authority, and alliances or conflicts between states in response to shifting power dynamics
• What does the term “peasant weapons of the weak” mean?

  • “Peasant weapons of the weak" refers to non-violent forms of resistance employed by peasants or marginalized groups, such as passive resistance, sabotage, or cultural practices, as a means to resist oppression or domination by more powerful entities
• What do some people argue that the Tacky’s revolt symbolizes? 

  • Some argue that Tacky's revolt symbolizes the fierce resistance of enslaved Africans against the brutality of slavery and their aspiration for freedom and autonomy
• 1. Why did aristocrats revolt in France in the rebellion known as the Fronde?

  • Aristocrats revolted in France during the Fronde rebellion primarily because they opposed Louis XIV's attempts to centralize power, which threatened their own authority, privileges, and control over resources
• 1. What was the goal of Popé’s revolt, and what was the outcome?

  • Popé's revolt aimed to expel Spanish settlers and restore the traditional Pueblo way of life, including religious practices. The revolt initially succeeded in driving the Spanish out of Pueblo territory, but Spanish forces eventually recaptured the region in 1682
• 1. What are some ways, besides the war, that Joseon aristocrats resisted the Qing Dynasty?

  • Besides war, Joseon aristocrats resisted the Qing Dynasty by maintaining loyalty to the Ming Dynasty, supporting Ming resistance efforts, and seeking to preserve their own autonomy and authority within Korea
• 1. Explain the effects of the development of state power from 1450 to 1750?

  • The development of state power from 1450 to 1750 led to increased centralization of authority, expansion of state bureaucracy, imposition of taxes and regulations, establishment of colonial empires, and often resistance from various societal groups seeking to preserve their own autonomy or resist oppression
• • Marronage and the Pueblo revolt involve resistance by aristocrats, and two involve resistance by conquered or enslaved people
• Maronage and Publeo Revolt were different groups of people, but they both resisted the growth of state power. How were the complaints that led to these acts of resistance similar, or different?

  The complaints that led to acts of resistance in both cases were similar in their opposition to oppressive systems of power, whether it be colonial exploitation in the case of enslaved people and the Pueblo, or centralized monarchy in the case of the aristocrats. However, the specific grievances and methods of resistance varied based on the social, economic, and political contexts of each group
• • the marronage was a plan where enslaved people would escape from the terrible oppression of the plantation
• • the enslaved who escaped from their plantation were often referred to as maroons
• • Marronage

  Resistance by enslaved people through fleeing and forming communities, like Palmares in Brazil, challenging plantation owner
• • Maroon rebellions examples include the Jamaican rebellion led by Takyi in 1760, inspiring enslaved Africans and leading to as many as 100 rebellions
• • Pueblo Revolt (1680)

  Led by shaman Popé, aimed to expel Spanish settlers from Pueblo territory in Southwest USA
• Nobles' resistance to centralized power

  Illustrated by the Fronde in France (1648-1653), where nobles revolted against Louis XIV's attempts to centralize power
• Joseon resistance to Qing dynasty

  Korean nobles resisted joining the Qing, supporting Ming dynasty, leading to internal conflict and overthrow of Joseon king