Enzymes

• Large food molecules are digested into smaller molecules by enzymes
• These products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream
• Enzymes are biological catalysts they speed up chemical reactions
• Enzymes are large protein molecules they have a groove on there surface called the active site
• The active site is where substrates bind to the enzyme, and the enzyme is the catalyst
• Enzymes are specific. the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site (lock and key)
• Proteins are broken down by proteases found In the stomach and the small intestine
• Proteins are long chains of chemicals called amino acids
• When we digest the proteins they turn back into the original amino acids and are then absorbed into the blood stream then absorbed by the body cells which join them together in a different order to make human proteins
• Starch is a carbohydrate
• Starch consists of a chain of glucose molecules
• Carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes called carbohydrases.
• Starch is broken down by amylase
• When carbohydrates like starch is digested we produce simple sugars
• Amylase is found in saliva and pancreatic fluid
• Lipids consists of 3 fatty acids and glycerol.
• Lipid molecules are digested by lipase
• Lipase is in pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• Lipid mimicked produce glycerol and fatty acids
• Bike is made in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder
• Bike helps speed the digestion of lipids but is not an enzyme
• bile converts large lipid droplets into smaller lipid droplets (emulsifies) this increases the surface area
• Bile is an alkaline this allows it to neutralise stomach acid creating alkaline conditions in the small intestine this increases the rate of digestion