Unit 3

• What is a combination of fat and tissues in your body?

  
  

  Body Composition
• Body Composition


  • Used in health and fitness to characterize the percentage of fat, bone, and muscle in human bodies
• Types of body fat

  • Body fat
  • Storage body fat
• Storage Body Fat


  Also known as lean tissue, includes bone, water, muscle, organ, and tissue
• Lean tissues


  Metabolically active, burning calories for energy, while body fat is not
• Body Fat


  Can be found in muscle tissue, under the skin or around the organ
• Essential Body Fat


  Helps shield internal organs, stocks fuel for energy, and controls important body hormones
• Body fat Percentage (BFP)


  Body composition indicator that reflects how much bodyweight is fat
• Lean Mass


  Percentage of the body that is not fat
• Methods for measuring Body Fat Percentage

  • Skinfold Calculation
  • Bioelectric Impedance
  • Hydrostatic Weighing
  • Dual X ray Absorptiometry (DEXA scan)
• Calipers


  Instrument for measuring the thickness of skinfolds in millimeters in areas where fat typically accumulates
• Skinfold


  Preferred method of measuring body fat in nonclinical settings since it is simple to use, has established accuracy, and is not intrusive to the patient
• Body Mass Index (BMI)


  Height and weight-based body fat measurement of a person
• BMI


  Just a weight-to-height ratio, method for determining adult weight status and general health in big populations
• Calorie


  Energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1˚C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods
• Calorie Intake


  Amount of energy in the foods and beverages you eat and drink
• Biomechanics


  Science of the movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to move, part of the larger field of kinesiology
• Biomechanics


  • Study of how the systems and structures of biological organisms, from the smallest plants to the largest animals, react to various forces and external stimuli
• Biomechanical Exercises


  Sets of repetitive stretches and strengthening maneuvers designed to promote strength in the spine, soft tissues, and other joints of the human frame
• Main components/elements of biomechanics

  • Motion
  • Force
  • Momentum
  • Levers
• Motion


  Movement of the body or an object through space, speed and acceleration are major elements
• Force


  Pull or push that enables an object to change direction, slow down or stop
• Momentum


  Velocity and the weight of an object as it moves
• Levers


  Our arms and legs function as it, has 3 parts the resistance arm, the fulcrum, and the axis of rotation
• Balance


  Stability, the alignment of the body's center of gravity over the base support is a fundamental principle
• Fundamental movement skills categories

  • Balance skills
  • Locomotor skills
  • Ball skills
• Balance skills


  Movements where the body remains in place, but moves around its horizontal and vertical axes
• Locomotor skills


  Such as running, jumping, hopping, and galloping, involve moving the body through space from one location to another
• Non-locomotor movements


  Occur when the body moves in place around the spine or axis of the body, anchored movements also called axial movements
• Object control skills/ Ball skills


  Such as catching, throwing, kicking, underarm roll, and striking, require controlling implements an objects such as balls, Hoops, bats, and ribbons that involve the use of the body parts such as hands and feet
• Movement concepts (or elements of movement)

  • Body Awareness
  • Spatial Awareness
  • Directional Awareness
  • Temporal Awareness
  • Relationship awareness
• Movement Strategies - Principles

  • Breathing
  • Organization of the head, neck & shoulders
  • Axial Elongation
  • Core Control
  • Spine Segmental Mobility
  • Alignment of the Extremities
  • Movement Integration
• Body Awareness – Learning the person's body parts and understanding what the parts  can do and moving the parts.
• Spatial Awareness – knowing how much space the body occupies and utilizing the body in physical space.
• Directional Awareness – understanding left and right, up and down in and out, top and bottom front and back
• Temporal Awareness – the construction of an internal time structure and identifies movements-time relationship.
• Relationship awareness – understand with what the body makes movement, or with whom the body makes movement.
• Movement Strategies – Approaches to achieve movement outcomes or goals effectively
• Principle 1: Breathing

  Breath facilitates movement and holding breath hinders it
• Principle 2: Organization of the head, neck & shoulders

  Positioning affects internal balance and orientation to the world