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Created by
Ashe Infante

Cards (59)

  • Penis

    The freely movable male reproductive organ
  • Penis

    • Has a role in both reproduction and urination
    • Composed of three cylindrical masses of vascular erectile tissues
    • Corpus cavernosa (2) on the dorsal side
    • Corpus spongiosum (1) on the ventral side
    • Forms the acorn-shaped glans
    • Corona (base of glans) is larger compared to the shaft of penis
    • Prepuce (foreskin) is a hood-like fold of skin that covers the glans in uncircumcised men
    • Frenulum is a fold of foreskin that extends ventrally from the urethral meatus
    • Urethra is in the center of the corpus spongiosum and opens as a slit at the tip of the glans as the urethral meatus
  • Scrotum

    A thin-walled, darkly pigmented sac
  • Scrotum

    • Contains the testes, epididymis, spermatic cord, and muscle layer
    • Has sweat and sebaceous glands
    • Consists of folds of skin (rugae) and cremaster muscles
  • Cremaster muscles

    1. Sensitive to temperature changes
    2. Contracts when too cold (cremasteric reflex)
    3. Raises the scrotum and testes upward for body warmth
    4. Relaxes when warm
    5. Lowers scrotum and testes away from the heat of the body
  • folds of skin ( rugae )
    • Appears wrinkled when contracted
    • Appears smooth when relaxed
  • Functions of the scrotum

    • Protective covering for the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens
    • Helps to maintain the cooler-than-body temperature necessary for production of sperm (less than 37 C)
  • testes ( scrotal sac )

    • Pair of ovoid-shaped organs, similar to ovaries
    in women
    • 3.7cm to 5cm long, 2.5cm wide, and 2.5cm
    deep
    • Tunica vaginalis
    o A serous membrane that separates the
    testis rom the scrotal sac
    o Is double layered and lubricated to
    protect the testes from injury
    • Function
    o Produce spermatozoa and the
    testosterone (male sex hormone)
  • spermatic cord

    Helps suspends the testes in the scrotum
    • Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels,
    nerves, and the vas deferens (ductus deferens)
    o Transports spermatozoa away from the
    testes
    • Left side spermatic cord = longer ; left testis
    hangs lower
  • epididymis

    A comma-shaped, coiled, tubular structure
    • Where the spermatozoa mature
  • Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

    Firm, muscular tube that is continuous with the lower portion of the epididymis
  • Vas deferens
    1. Travels up within the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal in the abdominal cavity
    2. Separates from the spermatic cord and curves behind the bladder
    3. Joins with the seminal vesicle duct and forms the ejaculatory duct
    4. The ejaculatory duct empties into the urethra within prostate gland
  • Semen

    Formed when the sperm mix with the secretions of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's or bulbourethral glands
  • Function of vas deferens
    • Provides transportation for the sperm from the testes to the urethra or ejaculation
  • inguinal canal

    Inguinal canal
    o Above and parallel with the inguinal
    ligament
    o Tube-like structure (4cm to 5cm or 1in
    to 2in long) through which the vas
    deferens travels
    • External inguinal ring
    o Exterior opening of the inguinal canal
    o Can be palpated above and lateral to
    the symphysis pubis
    ▪ Feels triangular and slit-like
    • Internal inguinal ring
    o Internal opening of the inguinal canal
    o Located 1cm to 2cm above the
    midpoint of the inguinal ligament
    o Cannot be palpated
    • Femoral canal
    o Another potential spot for hernia
  • hernia

    Protrusion of loops of
    bowel through weak
    areas of the musculature
  • note
    TSE is inaccurate.
    Viagra (sildenafil) is a medicine mainly used for the
    heart but can also be used to treat male sexual
    function problems (impotence or erectile dysfunction)
    as it makes the penis hard.
  • uncircumcised 

    Inspect glans
    • Smegma
    The thick, white,
    cheesy substance that
    collects under the
    foreskin of the penis
    • Balanitis is the
    inflammation of the
    penis
    • Lesions
  • urethral meatus

    EPISPADIAS
    A birth defect in boys in
    which the opening of the
    urethra is not located at
    the tip of the penis
    Ventral location of
    meatus
    HYPOSPADIAS
    The urethra does not
    develop into a full tube
    and the urine exits the
    body from an abnormal
    location
    Dorsal location of
    meatus
  • note
    Checking of the secretions of the urethra is the FINAL
    STEP OF ASSESSMENT.
  • Transillumination PRN

    o To assess masses and swelling
    o Strong penlight placed behind scrotum
  • RED GLOW
    (FLUID-FILLED
    MASSES)

    Hydrocele
    • Fluid
    accumulation in
    the scrotum
    Spermatocele
    • Benign
    • Common growth
    that develops
    right above or
    behind the
    testicles
  • no glow ( solid masses )

    Hernias
    Tumors
    Orchitis
    • Inflammation of
    one or both
    testicles
    • Seen in patients
    with MUMPS
    • Patient is at risk
    for infertility
    during pre-
    adolescence
    • Orchiectomy
    • Surgical
    procedure done
    to remove
    testicles
  • hernia
    Reducible hernia
    o Di bumabalik ‘yung bukol
    • Irreducible hernia
    o Bumabalik ‘yung bukol
  • Herniorrhaphy

    the procedure for correcting hernia
  • inguinal hernia

    INDIRECT
    INGUINAL
    HERNIA
    Most common in all ages, OFTEN
    IN CHILDREN.
    Above the inguinal ligament, near
    the inguinal ring. Often into the
    scrotum.
    Patent processus vaginalis –
    causes the development of IHH in
    infants
    DIRECT
    INGUINAL
    HERNIA
    Usually occur in men OVER 40
    YEARS
    Above the inguinal ligament, near
    the pubic tubercle and the external
    inguinal ring.
    FEMORAL
    Least common and is more
    common in women
    Below the inguinal ligament ; more
    lateral
  • INGUINAL NODES

    Enlarged, tender nodes are often associated
    with
    o Viral STIs such as human simplex virus
    (HSV)
    o Chancroid
    • Enlarged, discrete, firm, rubbery, non-tender,
    often unilateral nodes associated with syphilis\
  • Atrophied testes

    small and soft
  • Epididymitis

    Indurated, swollen, tender
    epididymis
  • ab finding in scrotum

    Serous fluid does not transilluminate and
    shows red glow – hydrocele /spermatocele
    Solid tissue and blood do not
    transilluminate – hernia, epididymitis, tumor
  • tse
    Testicular cancer – most common cancer in men
    AGES 15 TO 34
    Prostate cancer – most common cancer in men WITH
    NO AGE LIMIT
  • ab in penis
    Phimosis
    • Unable to retract foreskin
    Paraphimosis
    • Unable to return foreskin to original position
    Hypospadias
    • Ventral location of the meatus
    Epispadias
    Dorsal location of the meatus
    Pubic lice or nits
    • Excoriated skin
    • Pediculosis pubis
    o Crab lice
    Stricture
    • Narrowed opening
    Urethritis
    Edges that are red, everted, edematous,
    purulent discharge
    Balanitis
    • Inflammation of the penis
    Scrotal masses
    • Varicocele
    o Varicose veins of the spermatic cord
    o Feels like a “bag of worms” May be associated with pain or heaviness, but often asymptomatic
  • ab penis
    Hydrocele
    o Non-tender, fluid-filled mass within the
    tunica vaginalis (serous covering of
    testes)
    o Common in infancy but can occur with
    any age
    • Tumors
    o Non-tender, irregular, hard mass fixed
    on the testes
    o Does not transilluminate
    o Must rule out malignancy
    o Most common tumor in males – ages
    15 to 34
    • Orchitis
    o Acute inflammation of the testicles,
    usually unilateral
    o Tender / painful with possible erythema
    o Seen with mumps and other viral
    infections
  • ab penis
    Torsion
    o SURGICAL EMERGENCY
    o Twisting of testis on spermatic cord
    o Most common in newborns to
    adolescences but can occur at any age
    o Acute onset of pain
    o Scrotum becomes red and edematous
    o Vomiting and anorexia are common
    o Fever and dysuria are common
    o No cremasteric reflex on affected
    side
    Genital warts (HPV) / condyloma acuminate
    • Human papilloma virus
    o Causative agent
    • Two types of genital warts
    o Pedunculated
    ▪ Has a stalk
    o Serrated
    ▪ On the surface
  • Chlamydia

    • Urethral discharge
    o Cloudy / clear (watery / milky)
    • Dysuria
    o Painful urination
    • Pain or swelling in one or both testicles
  • Gonorrhea

    • Urethral discharge
    o Green, yellow, or white
    • Dysuria
    • Pain or swelling in one or both testicles
    • Majority of men show no symptoms
  • note
    Gonorrhea and Chlamydia co-infect each other.
  • Syphilitic chancre

    • Primary stage
    o Chancre – 3 weeks to 3 months after
    infection
    • Secondary stage
    o Damage to the neurologic symptoms –
    tumors
    • Late stage
    o Damage to the neurologic symptoms –
    tumors, blindness, paralysis, and death
    after 10 to 20 years of infection
  • Genital herpes

    • Vesicles
    o DO NOT POP as the fluid is contagious
    o Fluid-filled
    • HSV I
    o Mouth / labialis
    • HSV II
    o Genital / genitalia
  • external female genitalia
    Mons pubis
    • A round, firm pad of adipose tissue covering the
    symphysis pubis
    Labia majora
    • Two rounded folds of adipose tissue extending
    from the mons pubis down and around the
    perineum
    Labia minora
    • Two smaller, darker folds of skin inside the labia
    majora