Geography Carbon Cycle

• Norway: Average annual household energy costs= £2400 (2015)
• UK: Energy use per capita= 2752kg oil equivalent (2014)
• UK: Average annual household energy costs= £1300 (2015)
• Since 1950's, Madagascar's tropical forest have been cleared at a rapid rate due to local farming and international demand for tropical hardwood.
• In 1950 there were 11.6 million hectares of tropical rainforest in Madagascar, in 1985 there was only 3.8 million.
• Deforestation in Madagascar has caused more CO2 emissions and increased soil erosion.
• Indonesia: Huge areas of rainforest are bulldozed, or burned to create land for oil palm plantations. This releases huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere.
• Indonesia is the worlds largest producer of palm oil.
• Indonesia: Deforestation through logging has been reduced by 15% since 2011.
• Indonesia: Illegal logging is still a key problem for forests in Indonesia despite efforts to clamp down on it.
• Indonesia: Clearing of forests has affected biodiversity due to loss of habitat. In particular the orang-utan and Sumerian tiger.
• Forest recovery: China aims to increased forested area by 23% between 2015 and 2020.
• Forest recovery: Brazil has halved its rate of deforestation since 2000.
• Forest recovery: Between 2010 and 2015 an average of 7.6 million hectares of forest were lost every year, but 4.3 million hectares were also gained which still leaves an annual loss.
• Yukon: Climate change has affected the Yukon by

  • increasing evaporation and atmospheric water vapour
  • increase in precipitation
• Yukon: Snowmelt now begins earlier, decreasing snow cover altering river regimes by brining earlier peak flows to most river basins. Since 2000 inflows of the Yukon River have increased by 39%.
• Yukon: Between 1959 and 2008 the total ice area in the Yukon shrank by 22% and its glaciers recede.
• Oceans take decades to respond to changes in greenhouse has concentrations, so their response to increasing temperatures will continue to affect the global climate.
• Peatlands accumulate large amounts of carbon through decomposition of dead organisms. Warming causes peat bogs to dry out and a loss of 40% of soil organic carbon from shallow peat and 86% from deep peat.