history of life on earth

• Nebula


  Vast cloud of gas and dust
• Formation of Earth

  1. Gravitational forces pull together regions of higher density

  2. Formation of a protostar at the core
• Nebular hypothesis


  Most widely accepted model to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System

  
• Accretion and Planetsimal Formation

  1. Small grains of dust collide and stick together, forming larger bodies called planetesimals

  2. Planetesimals continue to collide and accrete more material, growing in size
• Terrestrial planets

  Rocky worlds, composed of rock, water and/or carbon
• Formation of Earth's atmosphere and oceans

  1. As Earth's surface cooled, water vapor condensed and formed the oceans

  2. Volcanic activity released gases that contributed to the formation of the early atmosphere
• Continued evolution of Earth

  Processes such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and the influence of life forms have shaped the Earth we know today

  
• Importance of understanding the history of life on Earth

  • Understanding our origins
  • Insight into evolutionary processes
  • Environmental context
  • Biomedical research
  • Conservation and biodiversity
  • Cultural and philosophical significance

  
• Characteristics of life

  • Cellular organization
  • Reproduction
  • Metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Heredity
  • Responsiveness
  • Growth and development
  • Adaptation
• Cellular organization


  • Cells are basic structural units of life
  • Unicellular organisms are single celled
  • Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells
• Reproduction


  • Asexual reproduction is a single parent organism reproducing by itself
  • Sexual reproduction involves the combination of male and female sex cells
• Metabolism

  • Anabolism is the process of building up complex substances from simpler substances
  • Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy
  • Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
• Homeostasis

  A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life, such as body temperature, blood volume, pH balance, and water balance
• Hereditary traits

  Genes carry hereditary information, which is transmitted from parents to their offspring
• Responsiveness

  All living things respond to their environment, reacting to stimuli such as light, temperature, odor, sound, and heat
• Growth and development

  Growth means to increase in size, while development are changes that happen to an organism in its lifetime
• Adaptation


  All living things adapt to their environment through evolution, becoming suited to their environment
• when did it began?

  4.6 billion years ago
• the 4 terrestrial planet

  Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
• nebular hypothesis suggest that-

  the solar system is formed from gas and dust
• early atmosphere is made up of:

  carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen
• how do we know that the evolution of earth is ongoing?

  diverse geology, atmosphere, and biospere
• through _ and _ , we can observe patterns of evolution

  fossil record and genetic evidence
• it help us predict future evolutionary trends

  insight to evolutionary trends
• studying past extinction events and the factors that contributed to them

  CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY
• This knowledge is essential for protecting endangered species and maintaining healthy ecosystems

  CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY
• It inspires wonder and awe at the complexity and diversity of life, prompting questions about our place in the universe and our responsibility to other living beings.

  CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE