states of matter 2

• Solid


  • Strong forces of attraction between particles
  • Particles held close together in a fixed position
  • Particles vibrate in their position
• Melting of a solid

  1. Particles gain more energy and start to vibrate even more

  2. Forces between particles weaken

  3. Particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds

  4. Solid melts into a liquid
• Liquid

  • Weak forces of attraction between particles
  • Particles free to move around and arranged randomly
  • Liquids take the shape of their container
• Boiling/Evaporation of a liquid

  1. Particles gain more energy and move around faster

  2. Forces holding particles together weaken

  3. Particles have enough energy to break the bonds

  4. Liquid boils or evaporates into a gas
• Gas

  • Very weak force of attraction between particles
  • Particles are spread apart
  • Gases often collide into each other
  • Particles move in random directions
  • They can be easily compressed because of the empty space between the particles
• Expansion of a gas

  1. Particles gain more energy and travel faster

  2. Gas expands if container is expandable

  3. Pressure increases if container is fixed
• Condensation of a gas

  1. Particles don't have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction

  2. Bonds start to form between particles

  3. Gas condenses into a liquid
• Freezing of a liquid

  1. Particles don't have enough energy to overcome attraction

  2. More bonds form fixing particles in place

  3. Liquid freezes into a solid
• When drawing the particles models, we add curved lines around the particles to show that they are moving/vibrating
• state symbols:

  • solid (s)
  • liquids (l)
  • gaseous (g)
  • aqueous solution (substance dissolved in water) (aq)