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• Physical Self


  • The body
  • The concrete dimension
  • Tangible aspect of every person
  • complex, marvelous and container
  • directly observed and examined
• The body


  • It is the initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality (William James)
  • The role of the bodily organ is especially important in the early developmental stages of a person's life
  • The development of both physical and intellectual skills helps determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to handle multiple and demanding roles in a complex society
• Biological Identity


  The body performs a distinct function
• Social Identity


  The body is the most visible way of showing and expressing one's identity
• There are no standards of beauty, as they are arbitrary and vary hugely both from one culture to another and over time
• Lip plate


  • A body modification where increasingly large circular discs made of wood or clay are inserted into a pierced hole in either the lower or upper lip or both, stretching the lips
  • It is best seen as an expression of female maturity, social adulthood, and reproductive potential and readiness
  • It is the main visible distinguishing characteristic of the Mursi and Suri tribes of Ethiopia and made them a prime attraction for tourists
  • It symbolizes a link between the individual and society - between the 'biological self' and the 'social self'
• Neck rings


  • A form of body modification where rings are put on the neck in order to lengthen it without using any surgical cosmetic procedures
  • Villagers wore them as a defense against tiger attacks, to protect women from being taken by men of rival tribes, and the look is considered to be beautiful and elegant
• Foot binding


  • A practice to restrict the normal growth of feet and make them as small as possible, to distinguish girls of the upper class from everyone else, and later as a way for the lower classes to improve their life chances or social prospects
  • The smaller the feet, the more attractive they were, even erotic for some, and it became a distinct mark of elegance
• Scarification


  • The practice of engraving or incising the skin, in which the shape and design of the scar tissue on various parts of the body are controlled
  • It distinguishes the person from anyone else, tells the rank in society, family, clan, and tribe, and is a mark of pride, not shame
• Facial tattoos


  • Women have their faces inscribed with tattoos, to portray their transition into adulthood
  • It is a "marker of cultural identity" - a constant reminder of the girl's roots
  • The process involves 4 weeks of seclusion and living with the tattooist without being known, with spontaneous designs that follow the shape of the girl's face
• The Five Global Beauty Archetypes

  • Powerful Peacocks
  • Seductive Foxes
  • Social Butterflies
  • Graceful Swans
  • Comfortable Cats
• Powerful Peacocks


  • 15% of the population, particularly drawn to experimentation, love the dynamism in beauty, and associate beauty with career success and power
• Seductive Foxes


  • 27% of the population, the largest group globally, love to use beauty products to enhance their femininity and associate beauty with romantic and sexual prowess
• Social Butterflies


  • 16% of the population, love the beauty conversation, enjoy sharing tips with friends, and associate beauty with contentment and success
• Graceful Swans


  • 23% of the population, like the subtle enhancements that come from using good beauty products, and associate beauty with confidence and contentment
• Comfortable Cats


  • 19% of the population, largely happy with their natural beauty, view a few staple beauty products as a means to feel even more comfortable in their skin