1. What’s in a place?

• Toxteth

  It’s socio-economic consists of having a low education attainment (29.1%), with the majority of the population not economically active (53.2%). A large proportion do not speak English (9.1%). Deindustrialisation led to the diminishment of the secondary industry, which lead to huge unemployment. Low educational attainment can lead to lower future income, with a lack of opportunities and services possibly leading to low morale and poor financial education. 
• • Toxteth consists of a large migrant population, with very few pensioners (average age 35) with the majority being working age; it is also largely a dense community (50% denser than Lympstone). It consisted of Celtic residents, with Irish immigration occurring during the Potato famine and then the Carribean and Hong Kong. The Liverpool port also means it is popular for West African and Carribean migrants. 
• Toxteth's

  • Its built environment is very heavily influenced by the demographic: many religious buildings (mosques, synagogues, takeaways and ethnic retailers), which was influenced by 19th century demographic compositions, such as the synagogue and Greek Orthodox church. Large influxes of present migration have continued this
• Toxteth


  • Culturally diverse with many festivals like Eid and Diwali
  • Influenced by historical and present-day migration patterns
• Politically


  • Traditionally Labour with 3 councillors in the City Council
  • Large numbers of the working class advocated for collective bargaining and trade union activism
• Nowadays


  Still pro-union, however lower-socio economics can also influence this, with areas of deprivation needing more state support
• 73% voted to remain in the EU, showing more pro-migration attitude
• Toxteth lies on the land rising up from the banks of the River Mersey, fast flowing past Toxteth, before passing into Liverpool Bay. 
• Lympstone


  • Small village in East Devon
  • Very elderly population
  • Often reliant on pension schemes
  • Well educated population
  • 29% are retired
  • 18.1% have manager roles, having higher wages, increased disposable income
  • 41.3% have level 4 qualifications
• Small port


  Used for fishing, contributed to the economy
• Tourism


  Seasonal jobs which brought wealth to the area following Victorian tourism
• Connection to Exeter with the railway

  Brought the opportunity for residents to work in quaternary sector jobs, contributing to it becoming a dormitory settlement
• Lympstone - It is largely homogenous, with only 0.3% that cannot speak English, 4.4% have a non-UK identity and is a largely homogenous white population, with 98.8% being white. Historically, Celts were first there with the Saxons forcing them out. There is not much migration as it is rural and is in a predominantly white area of the UK. Little migration and flows from international migrants. The increasing use of a dormitory settlement could mean that it becomes an area of urban sprawl.  
• Lympstone - Redevelopments near the train station for dormitory settlements mean that there has been growth of the railway, however there is little urbanisation and redevelopment due to a thirst for nostalgia and residents want to keep historic architecture. Churches are there to match the Christian community and there are housing settlements which are used by those who live there to commute. 
• Lympstone -

  • Culturally, it is largely based around the Christian calendar, with Christmas and Easter being celebrated. 67% Christian. It is a largely white English population, little migration and diversity in celebrations/religion. This is still the case today with a homogenous community. 
  • Small settlement on River Exe, 15km from Exeter. Small beach with pebbles. 
• Lympstone - Politically, it is largely conservative (Con MP), falling under the leadership of Lympstone Parish Council, having 11 elected volunteers, but these match the demographics of the area, being largely elderly and white and wealthier. There isn’t much emphasis on social welfare and social housing, being little need. Today, it is still largely conservative, with 54.1% voting to leave the EU in 2016. Residents like being rural and exclusive, often run by parish councillors, largely retired white men (unpaid), so often there is little change.