Research

• The research process involves identifying a problem, gathering information, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating findings.
• Abstract


  A brief overview of a research study
• Applied research


  Conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
• Basic research


  Research that tests theories
• Conceptual definition


  A variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness
• Concepts


  The building blocks of theories
• Constitutive definition


  The basic, dictionary meaning
• Control group in experiments


  The one that does not get the treatment
• Correlational study


  A type of research design that depicts a relationship between variables, but not necessarily one of cause-effect
• Data


  Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation
• Delimitations


  It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope
• Dependent variable


  The concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
• Descriptive study


  Research design that describes "what is" e.g. a survey
• Experiment


  A research design used to find "cause-effect" relationships the "effect of...on..."
• Experimental group


  The one that gets the treatment
• External validity


  How generalizable the results are as it concerns other populations
• Extraneous variables


  Variables that may influence or contaminate the data
• Heterogeneous


  Groups under study are very different or varied
• Homogeneous


  Groups that are very similar
• Independent variable


  The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause; the one that the researcher is manipulating
• Hypothesis


  A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables
• Inductive reasoning


  The basis for the qualitative research approach
• Deductive reasoning


  Depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research
• Internal validity


  The extent to which a study measures what it is supposed to measure (accuracy within a study)
• Introduction


  Establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted
• Limitations


  Identify potential weaknesses of the study
• Mean


  The arithmetic average
• Median


  The middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outliers
• Methodology


  Systematic approach to the conduct of a process. It includes steps of procedure, application of techniques systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline
• Mode


  The score that occurs the most
• Null hypothesis


  The proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has "no effect," meaning that the treatment and control groups will not differ as a result of the intervention
• Operational definition


  How a term is used in a study
• Participant


  Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in research
• Principal investigator


  The person who oversees a research
• Population


  The target group under investigation. The population is the entire set under consideration. Samples are drawn from populations
• Purpose of the study


  Specific research aims and objectives for the research
• Random by chance
• Qualitative research


  Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the investigation (naturalistic)
• Quantitative research


  Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence that the data may be addressed in a particular way (experimental)
• Questionnaire


  Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather information