Art Appreciation

• Auditory Arts


  Appeals to the sense of hearing
• Elements of Music

  • Rhythm
  • Dynamics
  • Melody
  • Harmony
  • Timbre
  • Texture
• Rhythm


  • Associated with the terms beat, meter and tempo
  • Refers to the speed of music
  • Beat is the basic unit of music while Tempo refers to its speed
  • Beat can be organized into a recurrent pattern called meter
• Tempo


  • LARGO - slowly and broad
  • ANDANTE - walking pace
  • MODERATO - at moderate speed
  • ALLEGRO - fast
  • VIVACE - lively
  • ACCELERANDO - gradually speeding up
  • RALLENTANDO - gradually slowing down
  • ALLARGANDO - getting slower, broadening
  • RUBATO - literally "robbed time", rhythm is played freely for excessive effect
• Dynamics


  Refers to the loudness or quietness of the music
• Dynamics terms


  • Pianissimo [pp] - very quiet
  • Piano [p] - quiet
  • Mezzo-piano [mp] - moderately quiet
  • Mezzo-forte [mf] - moderately loud
  • Forte [f] - loud
  • Fortissimo [ff] - very loud
• Melody


  Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical sound, presented horizontally in musical notation, read sequentially from left to right
• Harmony


  A vertical form of melody, formed when pitches combine to form chords. It is described by its "harshness": dissonance is harsh, while consonance is smooth. Multiple notes are played simultaneously, forming a chord
• Timbre


  A quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another. Identity of a specific sound
• Texture


  The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness in a composition
• Texture types


  • Monophonic - single melodic line
  • Polyphonic - two or more melodic line
  • Homophonic - main melody accompanied by chords
• Auditory Arts


  Appeals to the sense of hearing
• Elements of Music


  • Rhythm
  • Dynamics
  • Melody
  • Harmony
  • Timbre
  • Texture
• Rhythm


  • Associated with the terms beat, meter and tempo
  • Refers to the speed of music
  • Beat is the basic unit of music while Tempo refers to its speed
  • Beat can be organized into a recurrent pattern called meter
• Tempo terms


  • LARGO - slowly and broad
  • ANDANTE - walking pace
  • MODERATO - at moderate speed
  • ALLEGRO - fast
  • VIVACE - lively
  • ACCELERANDO - gradually speeding up
  • RALLENTANDO - gradually slowing down
  • ALLARGANDO - getting slower, broadening
  • RUBATO - literally "robbed time", rhythm is played freely for excessive effect
• Dynamics


  Refers to the loudness or quietness of the music
• Dynamics terms


  • Pianissimo [pp] - very quiet
  • Piano [p] - quiet
  • Mezzo-piano [mp] - moderately quiet
  • Mezzo-forte [mf] - moderately loud
  • Forte [f] - loud
  • Fortissimo [ff] - very loud
• Melody


  Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical sound, presented horizontally in musical notation, read sequentially from left to right
• Harmony


  A vertical form of melody, formed when pitches combine to form chords. It is described by its "harshness": dissonance is harsh, while consonance is smooth. Multiple notes are played simultaneously, forming a chord
• Timbre


  A quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another. Identity of a specific sound
• Texture

  The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness in a composition
• Texture types


  • Monophonic - single melodic line
  • Polyphonic - two or more melodic line
  • Homophonic - main melody accompanied by chords
• Principles of Art


  • Balance
  • Scale
  • Proportion
  • Emphasis
  • Contrast
  • Unity
  • Variety
  • Harmony
  • Movement
  • Rhythm
  • Repetition
  • Pattern
• Balance

  • Symmetrical - one side reflected to the other
  • Asymmetrical - elements not the same
  • Radial - central point
• Proportion


  • Natural - realistic size/relation to real world
  • Exaggerated - unusual size/ diminutive (small), monumental (larger)
  • Idealized - most common & perfect size ideal
• Focal points


  • Lines
  • Edges
  • Shape
  • Color
• Rhythm - element repeated creating movement. Repetition helps invigorate rhythm
• Repetition - artwork recurring pattern. Sense of predictability
• Pattern - image created out of repetition
• Focal point(s) - draw attention of viewer, provides insight