design

• Space planning

  An in-depth analysis of how physical space is used in structures
• Space planning


  • Considers the purpose of spaces and who will use them
  • It's an important component for the work of interior designers and architects
  • Helps ensure efficient use of floor space without wasting it
  • Can result in a comprehensive space plan
• Space planning process


  1. Data collection

  2. Building the brief

  3. Establishing spaces and spatial relationships

  4. Developing the solution

  5. Review and revise
• Spatial relationships


  • Space within a space
  • Interlocking spaces
  • Spaces linked by a common space
  • Adjacent spaces
• Space organization


  • Centralized
  • Linear
  • Radial
  • Clustered
  • Grid
• Circulation development


  • Efficient
  • Discrete
  • Fluid
  • No clashes with furnishing
• Relationship diagram


  • Abstract, rough visual look at physically planning out space
  • Enables development of understanding of requirements and visualisation of how spaces will work together and how circulation may flow
• Bubble diagram


  • Trial-and-error method of exploring configuration options
  • Connects basic spatial requirements to a fully drafted floor plan
• Books like The Metric Handbook Planning and Design Data by Littlefield and Neufert Architects Data are a great reference and contain stacks of data that would start you off in the right direction
• It is key to refer to any building regulations, codes and standards that will have an impact on your space planning to ensure that your design is compliant from an early stage

  
• Allowable maximum building footprint (AMBF)

  The maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by the building/structure at grade level after satisfying setback, yard and court requirement

  
• Impervious surface area (ISA)

  Area that includes all existing public and private streets, proposed public streets, sidewalks, driveways, rooftops, parking lots, patios, and all other impervious and partially impervious surfaces
• Unpaved surface area (USA)


  Portion of the lot that shall remain unpaved and reserved for softscaping/planting
• Open space within lot

  Portions of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not occupied by the Maximum Allowable PSO
• Total lot area (TLA)


  Area of a horizontal plane bounded by the front, side, and rear lot lines of a lot, but not including the area of any land below the ordinary high water mark of navigable waters
• Percentage of site occupancy

  The percentage of the maximum allowable floor area of any paved, tiled or hardscaped surface at the ground floor/grade
• Maximum allowable construction area

  The combined total of the Maximum Allowable PSO and the Maximum Allowable ISA

  
• Gross floor area


  The sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building, including basements, mezzanine and intermediate-floored tiers, and penthouses with headroom height of 7.5 ft (2.2 meters) or greater
• Lot types


  • Interior lot
  • Inside lot
  • Corner lot
  • Through lot
  • Corner-through lot
  • Corner lot abutting 3 or more streets, alleys, rivers, etc.
  • End lot
• All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly approved
• No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or the relative area of windows to less than that provided for buildings or to create an additional room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of the National Building Code
• No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be less than what is prescribed for such building lot
• The required open space shall be located totally or distributed anywhere within the lot in such a manner as to provide maximum light and ventilation into the building
• The measurement of the percentage (%) of site occupancy (or lot occupancy) shall be taken at the ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards and light wells

  
• PD 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines is a law pertinent to residential buildings
• Courts, yards, and light wells

  Shall be measured clear of all projections from the walls enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters in width
• Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)


  Portions of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not occupied by the Maximum Allowable PSO. The TOSL may consist of either the Maximum Allowable ISA (hardscaped areas) or the USA (exposed and planted/softscaped soil) or may also be the combination of both types of open spaces

  
• A residential building is a dwelling place where a person or a group of persons lives or resides
• Types of residential buildings

  • Single detached
  • Single attached
  • Duplex
  • Row house
  • Condominiums
  • Penthouse
  • Apartment
  • Apartment house
  • Mansionette
  • Walk-up
• Occupancy Classifications - Group A (Residential Dwellings)


  • Division 1 - Residential building / structure for exclusive use of single family occupants
  • Division 2 - Residential building for the exclusive use of non-leasing occupants not exceeding 10 persons
• Occupancy Classifications - Group B (Residentials, Hotels and Apartments)


  • Multiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row houses, convents, monasteries and other similar building each of which accommodates more than 10 persons
• Zoning Classifications


  • R-1 (Residential 1) - Low density residential use, characterized mainly by single family, single detached dwellings
  • R-2 (Residential 2) - Medium density residential use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a low-rise single attached, duplex, or multi-level building/structure for exclusive as multiple family dwellings
  • R-3 (Residential 3) - High density residential use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a low-rise or medium-rise building/ structure for exclusive use as multiple family dwellings with mixed housing types
  • R-4 (Residential 4) - Medium to high-density residential use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a low-rise townhouse building/ structure for exclusive use as multiple family dwellings
  • R-5 (Residential 5) - Very high- density residential use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a medium- rise or high-rise condominium building/structure for exclusive use as multiple family dwelling
• Dwelling location and lot occupancy

  The dwelling shall occupy not more than 90% of a corner lot and 80% of an inside lot, and subject to the provisions on Easements of Light and View of the Civil Code of Philippines, shall be at least 2.00 meters from the property line
• Sanitation


  Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing and drainage facilities
• Foundation


  Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600 millimeters below the surface of the ground
• Floor


  The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per sq. meter and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per sq. meter
• Floor construction


  1. Floors shall be of such materials and construction as specified under Rule V - Fire Zones and Fire-Resistive Standards and under Rule IV - Types of Construction

  2. All floors shall be so framed and secured into the framework and supporting walls as to form an integral part of the whole building

  3. The types of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girders from lateral buckling
• Roof construction and covering

  1. Roof covering for all buildings shall be either fire-retardant or ordinary depending upon the fire-resistive requirements of the particular type of construction

  2. All roofs shall be so framed and tied into the framework and supporting walls so as to form an integral part of the whole building

  3. Roof trusses shall have all joints well fitted and shall have all tension members well tightened before any load is placed in the truss

  4. Diagonal and sway bracing shall be used to brace all roof trusses

  5. Camber shall be provided to prevent sagging
• Attics


  1. An attic access opening shall be provided in the ceiling of the top floor of buildings with a combustible ceiling or roof construction

  2. Enclosed attic spaces of combustible construction shall be divided into horizontal areas not exceeding 250 sq. meters by fire-resistive partitions

  3. Regardless of the type of construction, draft stops shall be installed in trusses roofs, between roof and bottom chords or trusses, in all buildings exceeding 2000 sq. meters

  4. Enclosed attics including rafter spaces formed where ceilings are applied direct to the underside
• Stairs


  Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200 millimeters and a minimum run of 200 millimeters