Pathogenesis

• Pathogenesis


  The development of a disease
• Infection


  The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
• Infectious disease


  A disease caused by the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
• 4 stages of infection

  1. Incubation period

  2. Prodromal period

  3. Period of illness

  4. Convalescent period
• Localized infection


  An infection confined to a specific area of the body
• Systemic infection


  An infection that spreads throughout the body
• Acute disease


  A disease with rapid onset and rapid recovery
• Give examples of a Acute diseases

  • measles
  • mumps
  • influenza
• Chronic disease


  A disease with slow onset and long duration
• Give example of Chronic diseases

  • tuberculosis
  • leprosy
  • syphilis
• Subacute disease


  A disease more sudden than chronic but less sudden than acute
• Give example of Subacute diseases

  • subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
• Sign


  An objective indication of a disease that can be observed by a doctor
• Symptom


  A subjective indication of a disease that is experienced by the patient
• Gonorrhea


  • Usually symptomatic in male patients, asymptomatic in female patients
• Trichomoniasis


  • Usually symptomatic in female patients, asymptomatic in male patients
• Latent infection


  An infection where the pathogen remains dormant within the host's cells
• Herpes


  • The virus remains dormant within cells of the nervous system until triggered
• Virulence


  The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
• Virulence factors


  Characteristics that contribute to a pathogen's ability to cause disease
• Give examples of Signs

  Heart sound

  Breath Sound

  Blood pressure

  Temperature

  Lab results

  Pulse Rate

  Swelling

  Rashess/Redness
• Give example of Symptoms

  Ache/Pain

  Ringing of Ears

  Blurred Vision

  Nauseous

  Dizziness

  Itching

  Chills
• Give the reason WHY INFECTION DOES NOT ALWAYS RESULT TO DISEASE?

  
  

  * The microbe may land at an anatomical site where it is unable to multiply.

  
  

  • If microbes land at a site where specific receptor sites are absent, they are unable to cause disease.

  
  

  • Antibacterial factors may be present.

  
  

  • The indigenous microbiota of that site may inhibit growth of the foreign microbes.

  
  

  • The individual's nutritional and overall health status often influences the outcome of the pathogen-host encounter.

  
  

  • The person may be immune to that particular pathogen.

  
  

  • WBCs may engulf or destroy the pathogen.