Fourth quarter science

• Biomolecules


  Organic molecules that include carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids
• Main classes of biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
• Macromolecules


  Large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
• CHNOPS or CHONSP elements


  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
• CHNOPS elements


  The letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
• Macromolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acid
• Carbohydrates


  • Commonly known as sugars
  • The most abundant class of molecules
  • Chief energy source of all living organisms
• Carbohydrates


  Often built into long chains by stringing together smaller units
• Carbohydrates


  • Sugars found in milk (lactose)
  • Table sugar (sucrose)
• Monomer


  A single unit forming a long chain of molecules creating a repeated pattern
• Polymer


  A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks, or a repeated pattern of various building blocks
• Proteins


  Complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through peptide bonds
• Lipids


  Water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Nucleic acids


  The main information-carrying molecules of the cell, and, by directing the process of protein synthesis, they determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing
• Biomolecules


  Organic molecules that include carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids
• Main classes of biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
• Macromolecules


  Large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
• CHNOPS or CHONSP elements


  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
• The letters CHNOPS stand for the chemical abbreviations of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
• Macromolecules and their elements

  • Carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  • Protein: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
  • Lipids: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur (lipids can also contain N. but for most cases, this is sufficient)
  • Nucleic Acid: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur
• Carbohydrates


  Commonly known as sugars, the most abundant class of molecules, chief energy source of all living organisms
• Carbohydrates


  • Often built into long chains by stringing together smaller units, like adding beads to a bracelet to make it longer
  • Examples include the sugars found in milk (lactose) and table sugar (sucrose)
• Monomer


  A single unit forming a long chain of molecules creating a repeated pattern
• Polymer


  A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks, or a repeated pattern of various building blocks
• Proteins


  Complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through peptide bonds
• Lipids


  Water insoluble molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Nucleic acids


  The main information-carrying molecules of the cell, determining the inherited characteristics of every living thing by directing the process of protein synthesis