PMLSLAB ETS Veni

• By using transillumination, these devices typically shine high-intensity LED or infrared red light through the patient’s subcutaneous tissue to highlight veins
• The hemoglobin in the blood within the veins absorbs the light, causing the veins to stand out as dark lines
• The most common type, a strap tourniquet, is a flat strip of stretchable material, such as latex, nitrile, or vinyl that is fairly inexpensive and disposable
• MRSA stands for?

  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• Phlebotomy needles are sterile, disposable, and designed for a single use only
• needle for evacuated tube system

  multisample needles
• needles for syringe system

  hypodermic needles
• needles for winged infusion set

  butterfly needles
• part of needle which is the end that pierces the vein

  bevel
• part of needle which is the long cylindrical portion


  shaft
• part of needle which is the end that attaches to the blood collection device

  hub/threaded hub
• part of the needle which is the internal space of the needle


  lumen
• Needle gauge is indicated by a number that is related to the diameter of the lumen
• Appropriate needles for the collection of most blood specimens for laboratory testing include gauges 20 – 23
• considered the standard gauge for most routine adult antecubital venipunctures

  21-gauge needle
• gauge for yellow multisample needle

  20 gauge
• gauge for green multisample needle

  21 guage
• gauge for black multisample needle

  22 gauge
• gauge for orange multisample needle

  25 gauge
• gauge for blue multisample needle

  23 gauge
• Most multisample needles come in 1 or 1.5 in. lengths
• Safety features must provide immediate permanent containment and be activated using one hand, which must stay behind the needle at all times
• Safety features include:4

  • resheathing devices, such as shields that cover the needle after use
  • blunting devices
  • equipment with devices that retract the needle after use
• The safety feature provides a barrier between the hands and the needle after use; It should allow or require the phlebotomist’s hands to remain behind the needle at all times
• The safety feature is an integral part of the device and not an accessory
• The safety feature is in effect before disassembly and remains in effect after disposal to protect users and trash handlers and for environmental safety
• The safety feature is as simple as possible, requiring little or no training to use effectively
• most common and efficient system for collecting blood samples

  evacuated tube system
• ETS system is a closed system in which the patient’s blood flows through a needle inserted into a vein and then directly into a collection tube without being exposed to the air or outside contaminants
• shorter end has rubber sleeve to prevent slashing of blood
• TUBE HOLDERS

  • A clear, plastic, disposable cylinder
  • with a small threaded opening at one end (often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed
• Needle and tube-holder devices are available permanently attached as a single unit or as both devices preassembled
• Evacuated tubes fill with blood automatically because there is a vacuum (negative pressure) in them
• The vacuum is artificially created by pulling air from the tube
• Premature loss of vacuum can occur from:

  • improper storage
  • opening the tube
  • dropping the tube
  • advancing the tube too far onto the needle before venipuncture
  • the needle bevel becomes partially out of the skin during venipuncture
• Manufacturers guarantee reliability of additives and tube vacuum until an expiration date printed on the label, provided the tubes are handled properly and stored between 4 and 25°C
• Evacuated Tube System (ETS)


  • Most common and efficient system for blood collection, preferred by CLSI, closed system where whole blood is not exposed to air or outside contaminants, allows multiple tube collection with a single venipuncture, reduces potential exposure of healthcare worker to the specimen

  
• Blood composition


  In vivo, blood is in liquid form but in vitro it will clot in a few minutes. Freshly drawn blood appears as a translucent, dark fluid and will start to clot, forming a semisolid jelly-like mass. If left undisturbed, this mass will begin to shrink, with complete retraction normally taking place within 24 hours. When mixed with anticoagulants, blood can be separated into plasma and cellular components.
• Serum


  Liquid portion of whole blood that is allowed to clot normally
• Plasma


  Liquid portion of whole blood mixed with substances that prevent clotting