M1

• A patient with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure and leg edema has been placed on diuretic therapy.
• Essential component for ensuring medical equipment is used safely and properly by those supervised

  Education and training on all pieces of equipment
• Basic sterile asepsis procedures that are accurate

  • Sterile items ONLY are placed on the sterile field
  • Coughing or sneezing over the sterile field contaminates the sterile field
• Immunity


  The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agent such as bacteria, toxin, viruses and foreign body
• Level of health promotion when an employer establishes a physical exercise area in the workplace and encourages all employees to use it

  Primary prevention
• Sterile field

  • Maintained above waist level
  • Preventing coughing or sneezing by professional staff and client during set up and maintenance
• Mask


  Worn by professional staff and/or client to prevent contamination if there is a danger of coughing or sneezing over the sterile field
• Sterile field border


  • One inch border, not a ½ border, that is not sterile maintained around the perimeter
• Immunity


  The ability of the body to defend itself against invading agents such as bacteria, toxins, viruses and foreign bodies
• Primary prevention

  Precedes disease and applies to healthy patients, includes preventive measures that come before the onset of illness or injury
• Primary prevention

  • Immunization
  • Taking regular exercise to prevent health problems
• An employer establishes a physical exercise area in the workplace and encourages all employees to use it. This is an example of primary prevention.
• Self-concept


  An individual's view of self, involving a complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes, and perceptions

  
• Self-esteem


  How one feels about oneself
• Self-concept and self-esteem are often used interchangeably, but nurses need to differentiate the two to correctly assess patients and develop an individualized plan of care
• Factors affecting self-concept

  • Loss of bodily function
  • Decline in activity tolerance
  • Difficulty managing a chronic illness
• Erikson's psychosocial development theory


  Explains the rise in self-esteem and self-concept in adulthood, as individuals focus on being productive and creative at work while promoting and guiding the next generation
• Self-esteem is often highest in childhood, fluctuates during adolescence, gradually rises throughout adulthood, and either diminishes or increases again in old age, depending on self-concept clarity
• Adolescence is a time of marked maturational changes and shifting levels of self-esteem that set the stage for rises in self-concept in young adulthood
• Factors influencing self-concept

  • Changes in physical, spiritual, emotional, sexual, familial, and sociocultural health
• Identity


  Internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time
• Body image


  Involves attitudes related to physical appearance, structure, or function
• Role performance


  Component of self-concept
• Stressors affecting self-concept

  • Identity stressors
  • Role performance stressors
  • Body image stressors
  • Self-esteem stressors

  
• Levels of healthcare

  • Disease prevention
  • Health promotion
  • Primary care
  • Secondary care
  • Tertiary care
• Primary care

  • Prenatal and well-baby care
  • Nutrition counselling
  • Family planning
  • Exercise, yoga, and meditation classes
• Preventive care

  • Blood pressure and cancer screenings
  • Immunizations
  • Mental health counselling and crisis prevention
• Secondary acute care

  • Emergency care
  • Acute medical-surgical care
  • Radiological procedures for acute problems
• Tertiary care

  • Intensive care
  • Subacute care
• Restorative care

  • Cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation
  • Orthopedic rehabilitation and home care
  • Sports medicine and spinal cord injury programs
• Continuing care

  • Assisted living
  • Psychiatric and older adult day care
• Preventive and primary healthcare


  Reduces and controls risk factors for disease, focuses on improved health outcomes, requires collaboration, and lowers overall costs
• Restorative care


  Serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability, helps individuals regain maximal function and enhance quality of life
• Home health care


  • Provision of medically related services and equipment to patients and families in their homes for health maintenance, education, illness prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, palliation, and rehabilitation
• Rehabilitation


  • Includes physical, occupational, and speech therapy, and social services, begins on admission, focuses on preventing complications, maximizes patient function and independence
• Extended care facility

  • Provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering from acute illness or disabilities
• Intermediate care/skilled nursing facility


  • Provides care for patients until they can return to their community or residential care location
• Secondary and tertiary care

  • Focus on diagnosis and treatment of disease, disease management is the most common and expensive service
• Continuing care


  • For people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease, available within institutional settings or in the home
• Nursing centers or facilities

  • Provide 24-hour intermediate and custodial care, including nursing, rehabilitation, diet, social, recreational, and religious services