PERIPHERSL VESSELS AND HEART

• Peripheral vascular system


  The structures and function of the peripheral vascular system
• Major arteries


  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
  • Axillary artery
  • Brachial artery
  • Radial and ulnar arteries
  • Celiac trunk
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • Renal arteries
  • Gonadal arteries
  • Lumbar arteries
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Common iliac arteries
  • Internal iliac artery
  • External iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Deep femoral artery
  • Popliteal artery
  • Anterior tibial artery
  • Posterior tibial artery

  
• Major veins


  • Radial and ulnar veins
  • Cephalic vein
  • Basilic vein
  • Median cubital vein
  • Subclavian vein
  • Vertebral vein
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Azygos vein
  • Tibial veins
  • Great saphenous veins
  • Common iliac vein
  • Gonadal vein
  • Renal veins
  • Hepatic portal vein
  • Hepatic veins

  
• Artery


  Cool to the touch, thin/dry skin, hairless, thick toenails, "Dr. EP", dangle legs = rubor, elevate legs = pale

  
• Vein


  Warm to the touch, thick/tough skin, brownish colored
• Lymphatic system function


  • Drain excess fluid and plasma proteins from bodily tissues and return them to the venous system
  • Major part of the immune system defending the body against microorganisms
  • Absorb fats (lipids) from the small intestine into the bloodstream
• Collecting subjective data: The nursing health history


  1. History of present health concern

  2. Personal health history

  3. Family history

  4. Lifestyle and health practices
• History of present health concern

  Questions about color, temperature, texture changes in skin, pain/cramping in legs, leg veins, sores/wounds, swelling, swollen lymph nodes, sexual activity changes
• PAD vs PVD


  Arterial: cool, thin/dry skin, hairless, thick toenails, "Dr. EP", dangle legs = rubor, elevate legs = pale

  Venous: warm, thick/tough skin, brownish colored
• History of present health concern - DVT risk factors

  Been in bed for long periods, been inactive, had major surgery, had an injury, had a major illness, taking oral contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy
• History of present health concern - additional questions

  Swollen glands/lymph nodes, erectile dysfunction, past circulation problems, heart/blood vessel surgeries
• Family history


  Diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, intermittent claudication, elevated cholesterol/triglycerides
• Lifestyle and health practices

  Smoking, exercise, contraceptives, stress, how circulation problems affect function, leg ulcers/varicose veins affecting self-image, medication adherence, support hose use
• Collecting objective data: Assessment procedure

  Preparing the client

  Equipment

  Upper extremities assessment

  Lower extremities assessment
• Upper extremities assessment


  Observe arm size, venous pattern, edema, coloration, palpate fingers/hands/arms for temperature, assess capillary refill, palpate radial/ulnar pulses, palpate brachial pulses, palpate epitrochlear lymph nodes, perform Allen test

  
• Lower extremities assessment


  Inspect skin color, hair distribution, lesions/ulcers, edema, palpate edema, palpate temperature, palpate superficial inguinal lymph nodes, palpate femoral/popliteal pulses, auscultate femoral pulses
• ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE


  Perform the Allen test
• The left ventricle is the main pumping chamber of the heart, responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood out into the body's arteries.
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, which carry blood from the lungs.
• The right ventricle is the chamber that pumps blood to the lungs.
• The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation through the aorta.
• The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is situated between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• The pulmonary valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
• The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, and cardiac veins.
• The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
• From the right atrium, blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
• The interventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles.
• The right atrium has three openings: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
• Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
• Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
• Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
• Blood flows from the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) into the right atrium.
• Blood flows from the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) into the right atrium.
• Blood flows from the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) into the right atrium.
• The septum divides the heart into its right and left sides.
• The septum divides the heart into its right and left sides.
• The septum divides the heart into its right and left sides.
• The septum divides the heart into right and left sides.
• The septum divides the heart into right and left sides.