PPT 3 FOR UCSP

• Sociological Perspective


  Human behavior is shaped by the groups to which people belong and by the social interaction that takes place within those groups
• 3 Major Sociological Perspectives


  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism


  • Emphasize how definitions and meanings that are created and maintained via symbolic contact with others influence human behavior

  
• Structural Functionalism


  A macro theory that looks at how all structures or institutions in society work together
• Conflict Theory


  • Developed by Karl Marx, purports that due to society's never-ending competition for finite resources, it will always be in a state of conflict
• Types of Society


  • Hunting and Gathering Societies-2.5m years ago
  • Agricultural Societies – around 9,600BCE
  • Pastoral Societies- around 9,600BCE
  • Horticultural Societies- around 12,000 years ago
  • Industrial Societies-18th Century
  • Post-Industrial Societies- 19th century
• Civilizations


  • Sumerian Civilization – Tigris and Euphrates River in West Asia
  • Indus Valley Civilization – Indus River Valley in India
  • Shang Civilization – Huang He Basin in China
  • Egyptian Civilization – Nile River in Egypt
• Anthropological Perspective


  Focuses on the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds
• Biblical Creation


  God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul
• Scientific Evolution Theory

  Over the years, we've turned to both religion and science to explain where our species came from. Innovators of their time, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, used science to explain where humans came from, posing the theory of evolution
• Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years
• Australopithecus


  • Lived in African jungle 5 - 1 million years ago
  • Brain: ½ size of the modern human brain
  • Upright & Biped
  • Tool Users only and not tool makers. Used Sticks and stones for digging
  • Food scavengers
  • Ate Insects, eggs, plants, fruits and sometimes meat
• Homo


  • Much more intelligent group of hominids
  • Classified as humans and not humanlike creatures because they had bigger brains and were bipedal
  • They first lived in Africa about 2.4 Million Years ago
  • Includes Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens
• Homo Habilis (Handy Man)


  • Height: 3- 4 Feet
  • Brain Size: half the size of Modern Human (700CC)
  • Made tools called Oldowan which were used as cutting tools and made from volcanic stones
  • Used tools for hunting and food gathering
• Homo Erectus (Erect Man)


  • Lived est. from 1.8 million to 300,000 years ago
  • Brain size of 1000cc or about 2/3 of the modern human brain size
  • Height: about 5 feet, Walks upright
  • More intelligent and more adaptable than Homo Habilis
  • Invented and developed different technologies to respond their needs
  • Made and used axe tools for digging, cutting, slicing and chopping
  • Skillful hunters
• Homo Sapiens (The Thinking Man)


  • Brain Size: 1,400cc – almost similar to the brain of modern humans
  • Lived in shelters
  • Food gatherers
  • Ate plants and fruits
  • Hunted animals
  • Learned to gather and cook shellfish (164,000 years ago)
  • Used fire for many purposes
  • Crafted metals
• Cro-Magnon (A Homo Sapiens Sapiens-Wise Man)

  • Appeared 40,000 years ago
  • Height: 5 feet ½ inches
  • Strong body
  • Brain size: 1,400cc
  • First fossil found in Europe but believed to first lived in North Africa and later travelled to Europe and Asia