Renal

• Cystitis Symptoms


  • Pain and burning on urination
  • Frequency
  • Urgency
• Cystitis in men


  Usually due to prostatitis; similar symptoms
• Pyelonephritis Symptoms


  • Chills, fever, flank pain
  • Painful urination, frequency, urgency, pyuria
  • Bacteria count is > than 100,000 bacteria/mL
• Severe cases of pyelonephritis might be hospitalized to receive IV antibiotics
• Urinary Analgesic


  Medication used to relieve pain, discomfort, and irritation in the urinary tract
• Urinary Stimulant


  Medication that enhances the function of the urinary system, typically by increasing urine production or promoting bladder emptying
• Urinary Antispasmodic


  Medication used to relieve spasms or involuntary contractions of the muscles in the urinary tract
• Phenazopyridine (Urinary Analgesic)


  • Relieve pain, burning sensation, frequency, urgency
  • Renal: Red-orange urine (dye) -> use for 1-2 days
  • Toxicities: Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
  • GI: distress
  • Can alter the glucose urine test; therefore a blood test should be used to monitor glucose levels
  • Avoid antacids as they interfere with absorption, inform them to increase fluids and take the drug with food to minimize GI upset
• Bethanechol (Urinary Stimulant)


  • Increase bladder tone of detrusor urinary muscle
  • Produces a contraction strong enough to stimulate urination
  • Use: Neurogenic bladder, urinary retention
  • SE: GI distress, headache, dizziness
  • Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
  • Contraindication: Peptic Ulcer(s)
• Oxybutynin (Urinary Antispasmodic)


  • Direct action on smooth muscles to relieve spasms
  • SE: Drowsiness, dizziness
  • Blurred vision, tachycardia
  • Dry mouth, GI distress, constipation
  • Contraindication: Avoid in glaucoma, GI, or urinary obstruction
• Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS)


  • One of the most common antibiotics used for UTIs (around 90%)
  • Can be used for a systemic infection; slow-acting bactericidal effects against most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms
  • SE: CNS: headache, dizziness
  • GI: C-diff, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia
  • MS: malaysia
  • Dermatologic: photosensitivity
  • Renal: crystalluria
  • Fluid is important: Pt with a UTI should increase their intake to help flush the kidney; including water and cranberry juice NOT CAFFEINE
• Methenamine (Urinary Antiseptic)


  • Interferes with cell wall synthesis by forming ammonia and formaldehyde in the urine; take this with cranberry juice to acidify the urine and make it work
  • Uses: Chronic UTI
  • Should not be taken with sulfonamides
  • SE: GI: nausea, upset stomach, mild diarrhea
  • CNS: headache, dizziness, weakness
  • Renal: crystalluria
  • Super-infection: vaginal itching or discharge