Medieval & Middle Ages

• What were the methods of treatment and diagnosis of disease in Medieval Britain?

  They were not very reliable.
• What were the two main sources of explanations and treatments for diseases in Medieval Britain?

  Supernatural approaches and Ancient ideas.
• Who were the two influential figures in ancient medicine mentioned in the text?

  Hippocrates and Galen.
• What did apothecaries use to make medicines?

  Herbs.
• What was the purpose of burning herbs in Medieval medicine?

  To create a sweet smell to get rid of miasma.
• Why was the idea of miasma considered rational?

  It was based on evidence from observing patients.
• What was Hippocrates' main contribution to medicine?

  Clinical observation of patients.
• What is the Hippocratic Oath?

  An oath promising ethical treatment of patients.
• What was Galen's significant contribution to medicine?

  Encouraging dissection despite it being illegal.
• How did Galen expand on Hippocrates' ideas?

  He encouraged checking the patient's pulse.
• What was the Theory of Opposites proposed by Galen?

  Restoring balance by giving the opposite of symptoms.
• What were two supernatural approaches to disease in Medieval Britain?

  Praying to God and astrology.
• What were the Four Humours believed to be?

  Basic elements that caused illness when imbalanced.
• How could the balance of the Four Humours be restored?

  By purging or bleeding the patient.
• What was the Theory of Opposites related to the Four Humours?

  Giving the opposite of symptoms to restore balance.
• What was the role of medieval doctors in relation to Hippocrates and Galen?

  They continued to use their medical ideas.
• What was a common toolkit for medieval doctors?

  A vademecum diagnosis book and leeches.
• What was the significance of new universities of physicians in the medieval period?

  They allowed for debate and practical training.
• How did medieval doctors observe their patients?

  By taking their pulse or tasting urine.
• What was the primary function of hospitals in Medieval Britain?

  To offer hospitality to travelers and pilgrims.
• Who primarily funded the hospitals in Medieval Britain?

  Rich donors through endowments.
• What was the Church's role in medieval hospitals?

  It set up and ran most of the hospitals.
• What was Bedlam, London known for?

  Being one of the oldest mental hospitals.
• What was the negative impact of the Christian Church on medieval medicine?

  Encouraging reliance on supernatural causes of illness.
• How did the Crusades contribute to medical progress?

  They connected European doctors with Muslim knowledge.
• What advancements were made in Islamic medicine during Harun al-Rashid's reign?

  Translation of ancient medical texts into Arabic.
• What was the significance of the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina?

  It spread quickly and influenced medical practices.
• What was the first time pharmacy was seen as separate from medicine?

  During the medieval period.
• What were some contributions of barber surgeons in medieval surgery?

  They shared recorded knowledge and made advancements.
• What were some useful discoveries made in medieval surgery?

  Advancements in antiseptics and pain control.
• What was the first field to have pharmacies?

  Medicine
• What system was invented for medicines?

  A system of weighing and measuring ingredients
• When was pharmacy first seen as separate from medicine?

  During the medieval period
• How did medieval Muslim medicine influence Britain?

  Through European doctors returning from the Crusades
• What roles did superstition, religion, and war play in medicine?

  They influenced the progress and setbacks in medicine
• Who was Avicenna?

  A Muslim doctor influential during the Crusades
• What were two ways the Christian Church held medicine back and two ways it moved things forward?

  Held back:

  • Discouraged dissection and anatomical studies
  • Promoted supernatural explanations for illness

  
  

  Moved forward:

  • Supported hospitals and care for the sick
  • Encouraged the preservation of medical texts
• What progress was made in surgery during medieval times?

  Great leaps forward in techniques and knowledge
• Who were barber surgeons?

  Surgeons who also cut hair and treated wounds
• What were some problems in medieval surgery?

  Bleeding, infection, pain control, and shock