Renaissance

• Who were the three important individuals in anatomy during the Renaissance?

  Vesalius, Paré, and Harvey
• What did Vesalius, Paré, and Harvey challenge in their work?

  They challenged authority in anatomy and surgery
• What was the Renaissance period known for?

  New ideas and interest in science
• When was the printing press invented?

  1440
• How did the printing press impact the spread of ideas?

  It allowed ideas to spread rapidly
• Who led the new thinkers challenging Hippocrates and Galen?

  Paracelsus
• What significant change occurred in the 1600s regarding old ideas?

  Experiments were conducted to prove them wrong
• What was the general public's reaction to the new scientific methods?

  Some embraced them, others resisted change
• Until when did English textbooks continue to publish Galen's ideas?

  1650s
• How were Harvey's ideas received during his time?

  He was ridiculed for his ideas
• What was Vesalius's significant contribution to anatomy?

  He corrected over 300 of Galen's mistakes
• What did Vesalius argue was important for doctors?

  Learning from dissections rather than books
• What profession did Ambroise Paré hold?

  Barber surgeon
• What innovative method did Paré introduce for treating wounds?

  Using ligatures to tie blood vessels
• What was William Harvey's main area of interest?

  Physiology, particularly blood circulation
• What did Harvey prove about blood circulation?

  Blood circulates using arteries and veins
• How did Harvey's understanding of the circulatory system impact modern medicine?

  It is the basis of current knowledge
• Who published detailed images from magnified observations in 1665?

  Robert Hooke
• What advancement did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek contribute to microscopy?

  He made microscopes more powerful
• What were the traditional and new methods of treatment during the Renaissance?

  Traditional methods:

  • Praying for forgiveness
  • Herbal remedies by wise women
  • Astrology

  
  

  New methods:

  • Growing number of hospitals
  • Pharmacies in towns
  • Scientific approaches to treatment
• What was believed to cure the skin disease scrofula?

  The royal touch
• What did James Lind discover about scurvy?

  It could be cured by fresh fruits
• What was quackery?

  Dishonest medical practice
• How did quack doctors operate during the Great Plague?

  They sold ineffective medicines
• What was the impact of the new scientific approach on medicine?

  It led to new medical ideas
• What was the Great Plague of 1665 known for?

  Worst outbreak of plague in Britain
• What caused the Great Plague of 1665?

  The Yersinia pestis germ
• How many people died in London during the worst week of the Great Plague?

  Over 7000
• What were common beliefs about the causes of the Great Plague?

  It was a punishment from God
• What preventative measures were taken during the Great Plague?

  Infected houses were locked up
• What did the Lord Mayor's Orders aim to do?

  Stop the spread of the plague
• What was the role of plague doctors during the Great Plague?

  To treat infected patients
• What significant change occurred in hospitals during the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

  Hospitals began training doctors and surgeons
• Who is known as the 'father of scientific surgery'?

  John Hunter
• What did Florence Nightingale do during the Crimean War?

  Challenged hospital methods
• What was the impact of Nightingale's work on death rates?

  Death rates plummeted from 42% to 2%
• What did Edward Jenner discover about smallpox?

  Vaccination could prevent it
• What was the process of Jenner's vaccination method?

  Using cowpox to immunize against smallpox
• What were some reasons for opposition to Jenner's work?

  People thought it was unnatural
• What was the outcome of Jenner's work years later?

  Vaccination became compulsory