STS - Midterms

• Man


  A rational animal because they can think and reason consistently (Aristotle)
• Human Being


  Individual person that makes up society
• Humans are responsible for researches and innovation available today
• Human


  • Creature whose destiny is to live in spiritual world and physical world
  • Made up of material Body and spiritual soul and believed of existence and to live in kingdom of God
• Human Flourishing


  An effort to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals, each with right to pursue one's efforts
• Components of Human Flourishing

  • Environment
  • Character
  • Habits
  • Stories
  • Parenting
  • Brain development
• Eudaimonia


  Flourishing / happiness
• Eudaimonia is the highest good of human endeavors
• Early human developments


  • Walking upright
  • Use of different tools
  • Domestication of Animals - early humans who were hunters and gatherers started domesticating animals for clothing, medicine, shelters
  • First: goats, second: sheep then chickens
• Changes in Human Body

  • Australopithecus Afarensis - 3.2 millionyears ago: Small brain (one third size), curved fingers (climbing, hanging)
  • Homo Erectus 1.6 million years ago: Larger brain compared to first two, longer legs, body proportions like ours
  • Homo Naledi - 2.5 to 2.8 million: shares same features with homo erectus and has long strong legs
• Homo Naledi shares some features with australopithecus afmensio
• Homo Naledi became largest and most complex of any living primate
• Use of signs, symbols and Languages


  • People communicated using languages, symbols, sounds, used pigments, paintings, carvings
  • Some information were stored in stone painting, walls of caves and in other Canvas
• Jewelry/Personal Adornments


  • Used to reflect identity
• Social Life of early humans

  • Depended on social life, sharing of food, caring for infants, building social networks to help them survive challenges in changing environment
• John Donne: '"no man is an island, entire of itself, Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main" (meditation xull)'
• Well Being


  formulated by Martin P. Seligman, human flourishing is not only on happiness of individuals but also in psychological being
• Components of Well Being

  • Positive Emotion-includes pleasure, rapture, ecstacy, warmth, comfort, other emotion that contribute to pleasant life
  • Engagement- all about the flow, Fully Engaged doing everything with enthusiasm
  • Relationships- feeling of satisfaction, Flourishing or well being can be experienced when we are in a relationship with other people
  • Meaning- belonging to and serving something you believe bigger, proving your meaning or purpose with other people
  • Accomplishment- something successful that can be achieved through a lot of works or effort, often pursued for its own sake even when it brings no positive emotion, meaning, nothing in the way of positive relationships
• Positive Emotion


  Includes pleasure, rapture, ecstacy, warmth, comfort, other emotion that contribute to pleasant life, based on emotions that later fade away when emotions are gone
• Emotion


  Effective state of emotion consciousness where joy, sorrow, fear, hate is experienced, distinguished by cognitive and volitional state of consciousness
• Technology


  Application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem
• Evolution of Human Society

  • Hunters and gatherers
  • Shifting and foragers
  • Manufacturing and processing
  • Future man-made world
• Waves of Society (Alvin Toffler)


  • First Wave - 8000 BC to 1750: Agricultural
  • Second Wave - 1750 to 1950: Industrial
  • Third Wave - 1950 to 2003: Informational
  • Fourth Wave - 2003 onwards: Nano/ Biotechnology
• Energy Technology


  • Processes that could create or generate and distribute energy with main purpose of yielding high efficiency without causing negative effects to human and environment, e.g. oil, coal, wind, water, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear fusion, solar energy
• Equipment Technology


  • Design, fabrication, invention of instruments, tools, gadgets, machines, e.g. motors, engines, plow, mills, spinning wheels, fermentors, robots, laser, computer-controlled machines
• Information Technology


  • Concerned with tools and gadgets, includes computer systems, applications to manage, process, distribute information, e.g. typewriter, books, newspaper, television, telephone, cellphone, radio, printer, laser
• Life Technology


  • Benefits humans in terms of health and food security, made primarily for preservation, maintenance, treatment, reproduction of living things, e.g. animal breeding, herbal medicines, vaccines, antibiotics, artificial organ transplant, genetic engineering
• Materials Technology


  • Concerned with extraction, fabrication, synthesis of materials for the benefit of mankind, e.g. steels, plastic, copper, brass, ceramics, aluminum, polymers, synthetics
• Technology Substitution


  Replacement of technologies used for long period by new and better versions
• Technology Diffusion


  Technology transfer from one to another, technologies adopted by individuals even after innovations come
• Benefits of Investing in S&T

  • Modernization of communication, transportation, medical fields, infrastructures
  • Advancement in agriculture, industry, education
  • Life becomes easier and better
• Consequences of not investing in S&T

  • Technology would remain underdeveloped
  • Country will be left behind
  • Country will not prosper and can't sustain lives of people
  • Depending on other country for basic requirements
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)


  Monetary measure of value of all final goods and services produced in a period, used to determine economic performance of a whole country, make international comparisons
• Components of GDP


  • Consumption (C)
  • Investment (I)
  • Government's spending (G)
  • Net Exports (x-m)
• Per Capita Income


  Average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year, calculated as total income divided by total population
• Income Distribution


  Measure of how GDP of a country is equally distributed among people
• Gross National Product (GNP)


  Increase in a country's total economic activity, sum of goods and services produced in a country per year by people
• Percentage of Employment


  Employment rate or measure which all available resources are being utilized, computed as the ratio of employed to working age population, above 70% is high, below 50% is low
• Causes of Unemployment


  • Demand-deficient unemployment (cyclical)
  • Advances in Technology (structural)
  • Job Outsourcing
  • Voluntary (Frictional)
  • Relocation
  • Newly entering work force (Frictional)
  • Re-entering work force
• Human Life Expectancy


  Average number of years an individual or group of people would be expected to live