Senses mulagat

• Olfactory


  Sense of smell
• Auditory


  Sense of hearing and balance
• Vision


  Sense of sight
• Gustatory


  Sense of taste
• Touch and pain


  Senses of touch and pain
• Sclera


  Protects the eye and gives it shape

  
• Cornea


  Allows light to enter the eye
• Choroid


  Provides nutrients to the eye and prevents light scattering within the eye

  
• Ciliary muscles


  Control lens shape

  
• Iris


  Controls the size of the pupil and gives the eye color

  
• Photoreceptors (rods & cones)


  Contain the neural layer of the retina

  
• Bipolar cells


  Part of the neural layer of the retina
• Ganglion cells


  Part of the neural layer of the retina, their axons form the optic nerve
• Optic disc


  The "blind spot" where the optic nerve exits the eye
• Rods


  Respond to low-intensity light, provide night and peripheral vision
• Cones


  Bright-light, high-discrimination receptors, provide for color vision
• Aqueous humor


  Fills the anterior segment of the eye

  
• Scleral venous sinus


  Drains the aqueous humor
• Vitreous humor


  Fills the posterior segment of the eye, helps support the eyeball and keep the retina in place

  
• Lens


  The only adjustable refractory structure of the eye, suspends within the eye by the ciliary zonule attached to the ciliary body

  
• Eyebrows


  Help to shade and protect the eyes
• Eyelids


  Protect and lubricate the eyes by reflex blinking (supported by cranial nerve V)

  
• Conjunctiva


  Mucosa that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior eyeball surface, lubricates the eyeball surface with its mucus

  
• Lacrimal apparatus


  • Lacrimal gland (produces a saline solution containing mucus, lysozyme, and antibodies)
  • Lacrimal canaliculi
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Nasolacrimal duct
• Extraocular eye muscles


  6 muscles that move the eyeball

  
• Light


  Made up of those wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that excite the photoreceptors
• Refraction


  Light is bent when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density
• Focusing for close-up/near vision requires the following reflex activities of the eye:

  1. Accommodation (bulging of the lens)

  2. Pupillary constriction (miosis)

  3. Convergence of the eyeballs

  
• Eyes are outgrowths of the brain and all special senses are functional at birth
• There is a difference between the image captured by the camera and the eye

  
• The fovea centralis is involved in visual acuity

  
• The cerebral lobe that interprets what a person sees is the occipital lobe
• Structural problems in the eyes can cause vision impairment

  
• Sympathetic stimulation causes pupil dilation, parasympathetic stimulation causes pupil constriction
• Ang paggamit ng kamay at iba't ibang bahagi ng katawan ay isinasaad sa pagpapasok ng mga stimulong sensyal sa utak.