DRRR (Semi-Finals)

• Geological Hazards

  associated with earth materials such as toxic materials or earth processes which include landslides, volcanic eruption, earthquakes, sinkholes and many more.
• Geological hazards

  gradual or sudden earth processes which cause injury, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental changes.
• A landslide is rock, dirt, or debris falling down a sloping section of a land.
• Landslide


  caused by storms, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors which makes the slope unstable.
• Geology

  this refers to the material of the soil or rock in the area or can be layers of the earth has weakened or stiffened in some part.
• Morphology

  refers to the structure of the land. The soil or rock has weakened through loss of vegetation or root system which holds the soil in place.
• Human activity

  cutting of trees, irrigation, deforestation, and excavation can weaken the integrity of the earth.
• Sinkholes

  a depression or hole caused by the collapse of the surface layer of the ground.
• Water

  the primary cause of most sinkholes when it dissolves soluble rocks such as limestones, dolomite, and gypsum.
• Natural Sinkholes


  caused by physical or chemical erosion.
• The natural flow of water may erode rock material while acidic substances may also dissolve and eventually weaken it.
• Man-made Sinkholes


  caused by drilling, mining, road construction, and broken water or underground pipes.
• Water


  it may penetrate through mud and rocks and eventually erode the ground underneath.
• Sinkholes


  • Can occur anytime, either man-made or natural
• Geological hazard map


  A map showing the areas that are vulnerable to earthquake threats, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
• We can read the geological hazard map using the legend provided
• Hydrometeorological hazards


  Natural processes or phenomena that are of atmosphere, hydrologic, or oceanographic
• The geographic location of the Philippines accounts for the high frequency of occurrence of hydrometeorological hazards
• Typhoon


  A violent tropical cyclone that forms over warm waters, containing winds rotating counterclockwise, with a speed of 118-220kph
• Super typhoon


  A typhoon with wind speed exceeding 220kph
• Thunderstorm


  A small-scale storm accompanied by lightning and thunder, lasting about 30mins. to an hour and covering an area as small as 5 kilometers in diameter
• Storm surge

  A rapid rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by strong winds brought about by typhoons and thunderstorms
• Flood and flashflood


  Occurs when land areas which are normally not covered with water are being submerged, often after heavy and continuous rainfall
• Geological Hazard Maps


  Used by scientists and local authorities

  to anticipate any hazard that a geological event could bring.
• Geological Hazard Maps


  Helps in educating and training the public about the geological threats
• Increase ocean swell / Changes in clouds


  a series of ocean waves brought about by strong winds
• Barometric pressure drop


  the atmospheric pressure may start to drop about 36 hours before typhoon
• Abrupt changes in wind speed 


  wind speed increases due to drop in atmospheric pressure as air moves from an area with high pressure to low pressure
• Weather forecasts typhoon or thunderstorms 


  they may bring intense and prolonged rainfall
• Muddy water


  this may mean that calm water has been disturbed and the dirt has mixed with the water
• Roaring sound from upstream


  this may be from stones, branches, or logs being carried in water
• Floating debris in water


  twigs, leaves, and sticks may be from bigger branches and logs carried by the water
• The sky turns dark


  the cumulonimbus clouds filled with water droplets serve as a barrier for sunlight
• Lightning and Thunder


  flashes of lightning followed by thunder may be observed
• System of cumulonimbus clouds


  unequal heating of the Earth’s surface cause the upward movement of moist air, forming a tower of cumulonimbus clouds