P.R

• Draft

  Allows you to write the bulk of the essay in a rough form
• Guidelines in writing a draft

  • Choose a topic
  • Formulate a thesis statement
  • Organize and develop ideas
  • Use literary conventions and develop theme and technique
• Topic

  The main organizing principle of a discussion, either verbal or written
• Choosing a topic

  1. Generate ideas through brainstorming

  2. Narrow topic to something manageable

  3. State your topic clearly
• Thesis statement

  A sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay, generally appearing at the end of your introductory paragraph
• Thesis statement

  • Concise
  • Contentious
  • Coherent
• Parts of a thesis statement

  • Identification: What topic are you talking about?
  • Claim: What do you believe or what message you are trying to get across the topic?
  • Support: What details will support or flesh your claim?
• How to construct a thesis statement for a narrative

  • Identification: Identify the topic or point of your narrative
  • Claim: Lesson learned or theme to be developed
  • Direction: The message being delivered or the real reason you are sharing this story
• Parts of an essay

  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Literary elements

  • Characters and Characterization
  • Setting
  • Plot
  • Conflict
  • Theme
  • Point of View
  • Angle
• Literary techniques

  • Figurative Language
  • Foreshadowing
  • Imagery
  • Irony
  • Symbolism
• Biography


  Written account of someone else's life
• Etymology of 'biography'

  'bios'- life + 'graphia'- to write or writing
• Autobiography

  Self-written account of one's own life
• Etymology of 'autobiography'

  'auto'- self + 'bios'- life + 'graphia'- to write or writing
• Features of biography/autobiography

  • Subject
  • Research
  • Key background information
  • Early life
  • Professional life
  • Structure
• Subject

  • Biographers must consider why this person's story would be of interest to reader
• Research


  • Writing a biography requires a great deal of detail and accuracy
• Primary sources


  • diaries
  • letters
  • interviews
  • speeches
  • legal documents
• Secondary sources


  • biographies
  • textbooks
  • newspapers
• Authorized biography

  Written with the permission of the subject
• Unauthorized biography


  Written without the permission or of the subject and/or its relatives
• Key background information


  • Date and place of birth (and death, if applicable)
  • Family history
  • Language, culture & traditions
  • Key stages in education & career
  • Relationships with other people
  • Area of expertise
  • Major achievements
• Early life


  • Most biographies begin with a description of the subject's early life, as this stage plays a significant role in shaping the later events in life
• Professional life


  • Biographers place special emphasis on their subject's career, discussing the contribution of the subject to the world
• Structure


  • Biographies follow a chronological order where they begin with the subject's birth and end with either their death or the present time
• Biography

  Written account of someone else's life
• Etymology of 'biography'


  'bios'- life + 'graphia'- to write or writing
• Autobiography

  Self-written account of one's own life
• Etymology of 'autobiography'


  'auto'- self + 'bios'- life + 'graphia'- to write or writing
• Features of biography/autobiography


  • Subject
  • Research
  • Key background information
  • Early life
  • Professional life
  • Structure
• Subject


  • Biographers must consider why this person's story would be of interest to reader
• Research


  • Writing a biography requires a great deal of detail and accuracy
• Primary sources


  • diaries
  • letters
  • interviews
  • speeches
  • legal documents
• Secondary sources


  • biographies
  • textbooks
  • newspapers
• Authorized biography


  Written with the permission of the subject
• Unauthorized biography

  Written without the permission or of the subject and/or its relatives
• Key background information


  • Date and place of birth (and death, if applicable)
  • Family history
  • Language, culture & traditions
  • Key stages in education & career
  • Relationships with other people
  • Area of expertise
  • Major achievements
• Early life


  • Most biographies begin with a description of the subject's early life, as this stage plays a significant role in shaping the later events in life
• Professional life

  • Biographers place special emphasis on their subject's career, discussing the contribution of the subject to the world