FITT 4

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Cards (78)

  • Mountaineering

    Is an outdoor-recreational activity that aims to reach the peak of a forest mountain. It includes hiking, camping, climbing, river crossing, navigation, and other activities in the natural setting.
  • Hiking

    Is an outdoor activity that involves walking in natural surroundings, often on mountainous or other scenic terrain.
  • Trekking

    A long and difficult walk, or one that makes you feel really tired. Generally over mountains, Hills, or forests.
  • Camping

    The act of staying and sleeping for one or more days and nights in the outside field, usually in a tent.
  • Orienteering

    A team sports in which players find their way to different checkpoints throughout the rough country with the help of a map and a compass, the winner being the one with the lowest time span.
  • Cairn

    A pile of rock or wood used to mark a given path.
  • Free Climb

    A climb using one's hands and feet only; without artificial helps.
  • Break Camp

    Disassembling tents, clean campsite and getting ready to leave camp.
  • Trail water/food

    Easily accessible bottle of water or snacks for refreshment along the trail.
  • Trail Signs

    Rocks, strings, foliage, branches, or hack signs on tree trunks that mark the designated route.
  • Take 5

    Take 5 minutes rest.
    1. camp
    Emergency camp.
  • Values of Mountaineering

    • Self-reliance
    • Wilderness survival skills
    • Leadership and team-work
    • Environmentalism/Ecological Education
    • Helping local economy
    • Eco-Tourism
    • Outdoor fitness activity
  • Climb Ethics

    • Local Cultural Sensitivity
    • Local Economy
    • Low-impact mountaineering
    • Inter-action with fellow-mountaineers
  • Leave No Trace Principle
    • Plan ahead and be Prepared
    • Travel and camp on durable surfaces
    • Respect wildlife
    • Leave what you find
    • Dispose of waste properly
    • Minimize camp-fire impact
    • Be considerate to other visitors
  • LNT 1: Plan ahead and be prepared

    1. Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit
    2. Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, and emergencies
    3. Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use
    4. Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups
    5. Repackage food to minimize waste
    6. Use a map and compass or GPS to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging
    7. Prepare your Physical and Mental health
  • LNT 2: Travel and camp on durable land

    1. Durable surfaces include maintained trails and designated campsites, rock, gravel, sand, dry grasses or snow
    2. Protect riparian areas by camping at least 200 feet from lakes and streams
    3. Good campsites are found, not made. Altering a site is not necessary
    4. Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites. Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when wet or muddy. Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent
    5. Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails. Avoid places where impacts are just beginning
  • LNT 3: Respect wildlife

    1. Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them
    2. Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, [habituates them to humans], and exposes them to predators and other dangers
    3. Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely
    4. Control pets at all times, or leave them at home
    5. Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter
  • LNT 4: Leave what you find

    1. Preserve the past: examine, photograph, but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts
    2. Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them
    3. Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species
    4. Do not build structures, furniture, or dig trenches
  • LNT 5: Dispose of waste properly
    1. Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite, food preparation areas, and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover food and litter
    2. Utilize toilet facilities whenever possible. Otherwise, deposit solid human waste in catholes dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cathole when finished
    3. Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products
    4. To wash yourself or your dishes, carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small amounts of biodegradable soap. Scatter strained dishwater
  • LNT 6: Minimize campfire impact
    1. Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the environment. Use a lightweight stove for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light
    2. Where fires are permitted, use established fire rings, fire pans, or mound fires
    3. Keep fires small. Only use down and dead wood from the ground that can be broken by hand
    4. Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes
  • LNT 7: Be considerate to other visitors
    1. Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience
    2. Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail
    3. Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock
    4. Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors
    5. Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises
    6. Descend first before ascending
  • Suggested Physical Conditioning

    • Cardio preparation can be running/jogging for 30minutes to 1 hour; twice a week
    • Backpack walking, loaded about 10 to 15 kilos
    • Jumping Jack in 2 count (20 reps)
    • Push-up (20 reps)
    • Two-leg squats (20 reps)
    • Alternate lunges (20 reps)
    • Burpees (10 reps)
    • Low Plank (1 minute)
  • Mountaineering Equipment

    • Essential Gears
    • Group Equipment
    • Food Provision
    • Survival and Repair Kit
    • Optional Items
  • Essential Gears

    • ID Card
    • Water (1L)
    • Cellphone or other communication device
    • Money
    • Whistle and Mirror
    • Flashlight and extra batteries/power bank
    • Fire starter
    • Folding knife/Multi tools
    • Notebook and pencil
    • Mess kit
    • Wind breaker/Rain Gear/ Poncho
    • Plastic bags/trash bags
    • Sandals
    • Backpack
    • Hiking boots
    • Toiletries
    • First aid kit
  • Backpack

    Ideal weight should not exceed one-third 1/3 of your body weight. Remember: ABCD (Accessibility, Balance, Compressibility, Double water proofing)
  • Climb Categories

    • Minor Climb (Fun or recreational climb, experiential climb)
    • Major Climb (High level of difficulties, need more preparation and other consideration)
    • Training Climb (For developing and skills progress of climb members)
    • Clean-up Climb (Organized climb, tree planting)
    • Exploratory Climb (Expedition, needs more planning and preparation)
    • Guide-ship Climb (A tour-aid type climb)
  • Group Equipment

    • Tent
    • Stove
    • Cook set
    • Rope
    • Ground sheet/Earth pad
    • Map and compass
    • Trowel
    • Bolo
  • Climb Preparation and Planning

    • Climb Objectives (level of preparation, what do the group want to achieve)
    • Nature of Climb (level of difficulty, nature of terrain, mountain elevation)
    • Pre-Climb Meeting
    • Groupings
    • Budgeting
    • Meal plans and equipment
    • Courtesy calls
    • Contact person
    • Post Climb
  • It is easier to split large numbers of climbers into small groups in every climbing operation considering the size of the group and with LNT in mind.
  • Hiking Group Composition

    • Team Leader
    • Lead-Man
    • Middle Man
    • Medic
    • Sweeper/Tail Man
  • Pacing During Hike

    1. Don't walk fast
    2. When walking with group, walk in single file 2 to 5 meters away from each other
    3. When walking uphill, lean forward and place your foot flat on the ground before pushing up with other leg
    4. When walking downhill, take small steps and move steady, lean backward dig with the heel. Use walking stick
    5. When walking on steep slopes, Place your foot sideways, walking sick downhill, hold on roots or vines, make sure these are sturdy
  • Rest

    5 minutes per 1 hour walk
  • Tact person

    • Post Climb
  • Splitting large numbers of climbers
    1. Into small groups in every climbing operation
    2. Considering the size of the group
    3. With LNT in mind
  • Group size

    • 7 to 9 person in a group
  • Lead pack

    • The larger group's first batch to hike
    • The stronger group usually
  • Tail Group

    • The last batch of the bigger group in hiking
  • Hiking Group Composition

    • Team Leader
    • Lead-Man
    • Middle Man
    • Medic
    • Sweeper/Tail Man
  • Pacing during hike

    1. Don't walk fast
    2. Walk in single file 2 to 5 meters away from each other
    3. When walking uphill, lean forward and place your foot flat on the ground before pushing up with other leg
    4. When walking downhill, take small steps and move steady, lean backward dig with the heel, use walking stick
    5. When walking on steep slopes, place your foot sideways, use walking stick downhill, hold on roots or vines, make sure these are sturdy